महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-12

यदा ज्येष्ठः पाण्डवः संशितात्मा क्रोधं यत्तं वर्षपूगान्सुघोरम् ।
अवस्रष्टा कुरुषूद्वृत्तचेतास्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥१२॥

12. yadā jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ saṁśitātmā; krodhaṁ yattaṁ varṣapūgānsughoram ,
avasraṣṭā kuruṣūdvṛttacetā;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

12. yadā jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ saṃśitātmā
krodhaṃ yattaṃ varṣapūgān sughoram
avasraṣṭā kuruṣu udvṛttacetāḥ tadā
yuddhaṃ dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

12. When the eldest Pāṇḍava, Yudhiṣṭhira, having a resolute spirit (ātman), his mind roused, unleashed upon the Kurus the dreadful anger (krodha) he had suppressed for many years, then Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana) would repent the war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (of the Pāṇḍavas) (eldest, greatest, best)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• संशितात्मा (saṁśitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is well-sharpened/disciplined/resolute

• क्रोधं (krodhaṁ) - anger, wrath

• यत्तं (yattaṁ) - restrained, controlled, prepared

• वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - groups of years, many years

• सुघोरम् (sughoram) - very dreadful, terrible

• अवस्रष्टा (avasraṣṭā) - unleashed, emitted, discharged

• कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - among the Kurus, upon the Kurus

• उद्वृत्तचेताः (udvṛttacetāḥ) - one whose mind (cetas) is agitated/enraged/rebellious

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - war, battle

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - would repent, regret

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (of the Pāṇḍavas) (eldest, greatest, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, greatest, best

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

संशितात्मा (saṁśitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is well-sharpened/disciplined/resolute

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitātman

saṁśitātman - one whose self (ātman) is well-sharpened/disciplined/resolute

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'saṃśita' (sharpened, disciplined) + 'ātman' (self)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśita+ātman)

• saṃśita – sharpened, disciplined, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śā (to sharpen) with prefix saṃ-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śā (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

क्रोधं (krodhaṁ) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

यत्तं (yattaṁ) - restrained, controlled, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - restrained, controlled, prepared

Past Passive Participle

From √yam (to restrain)

Root: yam (class 1)

वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - groups of years, many years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣapūga

varṣapūga - group of years, many years

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'varṣa' (year) + 'pūga' (multitude, group)

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+pūga)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (masculine)
• pūga – multitude, collection, group
  noun (masculine)

सुघोरम् (sughoram) - very dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sughora

sughora - very dreadful, terrible

Pravādi compound: 'su' (very) + 'ghora' (dreadful)

Compound type : pravādi (su+ghora)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, awful
  adjective (masculine)

अवस्रष्टा (avasraṣṭā) - unleashed, emitted, discharged

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasraṣṭṛ

avasraṣṭṛ - unleasher, emitter

Agent noun

From √sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Acts like an agent noun in a periphrastic construction.

कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - among the Kurus, upon the Kurus

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru (member of the Kuru dynasty)

उद्वृत्तचेताः (udvṛttacetāḥ) - one whose mind (cetas) is agitated/enraged/rebellious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvṛttacetas

udvṛttacetas - one whose mind is agitated/enraged/rebellious

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'udvṛtta' (agitated, unruly) + 'cetas' (mind, consciousness)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udvṛtta+cetas)

• udvṛtta – agitated, unruly, raised
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to turn, be) with prefix ut-
  Prefix: ut
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धं (yuddhaṁ) - war, battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle

Past Passive Participle acting as noun

From √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Kaurava

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - would repent, regret

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of anvatap

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From √tap (to heat, suffer) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)