महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-42

यदा धृतिं कुरुते योत्स्यमानः स दीर्घबाहुर्दृढधन्वा महात्मा ।
सिंहस्येव गन्धमाघ्राय गावः संवेष्टन्ते शत्रवोऽस्माद्यथाग्नेः ॥४२॥

42. yadā dhṛtiṁ kurute yotsyamānaḥ; sa dīrghabāhurdṛḍhadhanvā mahātmā ,
siṁhasyeva gandhamāghrāya gāvaḥ; saṁveṣṭante śatravo'smādyathāgneḥ.

42. yadā dhṛtim kurute yotsyamānaḥ saḥ
dīrghabāhuḥ dṛḍhadhanvā mahātmā |
siṃhasya iva gandham āghrāya gāvaḥ
saṃveṣṭante śatravaḥ asmāt yathā agneḥ

42. When that great-souled (mahā-ātman) warrior, who has long arms and a strong bow, prepares for battle with firm resolve, his enemies recoil from him just as cows flee upon sensing a lion's scent, or as people would keep their distance from fire.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• धृतिम् (dhṛtim) - resolve, firmness, courage, fortitude

• कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he shows

• योत्स्यमानः (yotsyamānaḥ) - intending to fight, about to fight, one who will fight

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• दीर्घबाहुः (dīrghabāhuḥ) - long-armed

• दृढधन्वा (dṛḍhadhanvā) - having a strong bow, firm-bowed

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, a great person

• सिंहस्य (siṁhasya) - of a lion

• इव (iva) - like, as

• गन्धम् (gandham) - scent, smell

• आघ्राय (āghrāya) - having smelled, perceiving by smell

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• संवेष्टन्ते (saṁveṣṭante) - they recoil or huddle in fear (they coil themselves, they shrink back, they flee (in this context))

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from him, from this

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• अग्नेः (agneḥ) - from fire, of fire

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

धृतिम् (dhṛtim) - resolve, firmness, courage, fortitude

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - firmness, steadfastness, resolve, courage, patience

Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he shows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense

3rd person singular middle (ātmanepada)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

योत्स्यमानः (yotsyamānaḥ) - intending to fight, about to fight, one who will fight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yotsyamāna

yotsyamāna - about to fight, intending to fight, going to fight

Future Middle Participle (Śānac)

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with future suffix -sya and middle participle suffix -māna.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दीर्घबाहुः (dīrghabāhuḥ) - long-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghabāhu

dīrghabāhu - long-armed (a mark of heroism and royalty)

Bahuvrīhi compound: dīrgha (long) + bāhu (arm).

दृढधन्वा (dṛḍhadhanvā) - having a strong bow, firm-bowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhadhanvan

dṛḍhadhanvan - one who has a strong bow, firm-bowed

Bahuvrīhi compound: dṛḍha (firm, strong) + dhanvan (bow).

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, a great person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-ātman

mahā-ātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted (ātman)

Compound: mahā (great) + ātman (self, soul).

सिंहस्य (siṁhasya) - of a lion

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

गन्धम् (gandham) - scent, smell

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, scent, fragrance, odor

आघ्राय (āghrāya) - having smelled, perceiving by smell

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √ghrā (to smell) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth

संवेष्टन्ते (saṁveṣṭante) - they recoil or huddle in fear (they coil themselves, they shrink back, they flee (in this context))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃveṣṭ

Present Tense

3rd person plural middle (ātmanepada)

Prefix: sam

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, adversary

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from him, from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

अग्नेः (agneḥ) - from fire, of fire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire