महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-37

यदा द्रष्टा सृञ्जयानामनीके धृष्टद्युम्नं प्रमुखे रोचमानम् ।
अस्त्रं यस्मै गुह्यमुवाच धीमान्द्रोणस्तदा तप्स्यति धार्तराष्ट्रः ॥३७॥

37. yadā draṣṭā sṛñjayānāmanīke; dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ pramukhe rocamānam ,
astraṁ yasmai guhyamuvāca dhīmā;ndroṇastadā tapsyati dhārtarāṣṭraḥ.

37. yadā draṣṭā sṛñjayānām anīke
dhṛṣṭadyumnam pramukhe rocamānam
astram yasmai guhyam uvāca dhīmān
droṇaḥ tadā tapsyati dhārtarāṣṭraḥ

37. When the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra sees Dhṛṣṭadyumna, splendidly conspicuous at the head of the Sañjaya army – to whom the intelligent Droṇa taught a secret weapon – then he will regret.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see, referring to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's future action. (one who sees, a seer)

• सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - The Sṛñjayas are a prominent allied clan to the Pāṇḍavas. (of the Sṛñjayas)

• अनीके (anīke) - in the army, in the host

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - The commander of the Pāṇḍava army, destined to slay Droṇa. (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

• प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - in front, at the head

• रोचमानम् (rocamānam) - shining, splendid, visible, conspicuous

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - a divine or magical weapon, a technique of warfare. (weapon, missile, magical weapon)

• यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

• उवाच (uvāca) - he imparted (knowledge of a weapon) (he said, he spoke, he taught)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, sagacious

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇācārya, the royal guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas. (Droṇa)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will repent, will regret, will suffer

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see, referring to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's future action. (one who sees, a seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, one who sees, observer

Agent Noun / Future Participle

From dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts as a future participle.

सृञ्जयानाम् (sṛñjayānām) - The Sṛñjayas are a prominent allied clan to the Pāṇḍavas. (of the Sṛñjayas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of a people, a clan allied with the Pāṇḍavas

अनीके (anīke) - in the army, in the host

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, battle-array

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - The commander of the Pāṇḍava army, destined to slay Droṇa. (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - name of a Pāñcāla prince, son of Drupada and commander of the Pāṇḍava army

प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - in front, at the head

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

रोचमानम् (rocamānam) - shining, splendid, visible, conspicuous

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rocamāna

rocamāna - shining, radiant, pleasing, conspicuous

Present Middle Participle

From ruc (to shine, to please)

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛṣṭadyumnam'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - a divine or magical weapon, a technique of warfare. (weapon, missile, magical weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, magical missile, dart

यस्मै (yasmai) - to whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious, private

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'astram'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he imparted (knowledge of a weapon) (he said, he spoke, he taught)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, sagacious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, sagacious

Note: Agrees with 'droṇaḥ'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇācārya, the royal guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas. (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - name of the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will repent, will regret, will suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of tap

Future form of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Taddhita derivation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra