महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-19

हतप्रवीरं विमुखं भयार्तं पराङ्मुखं प्रायशोऽधृष्टयोधम् ।
शस्त्रार्चिषा भीमसेनेन दग्धं तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥१९॥

19. hatapravīraṁ vimukhaṁ bhayārtaṁ; parāṅmukhaṁ prāyaśo'dhṛṣṭayodham ,
śastrārciṣā bhīmasenena dagdhaṁ; tadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

19. hatapravīram vimukham bhayārtam
parāṅmukham prāyaśaḥ adhṛṣṭayodham
śastrārciṣā bhīmasenena dagdham tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

19. ...with its chief heroes slain, disarrayed, afflicted by fear, largely turned away, with its warriors lacking courage, and utterly consumed by the fiery splendor of Bhīmasena's weapons—then Dhṛtarāṣṭra would repent the war.

Words meanings summery:

• हतप्रवीरम् (hatapravīram) - (the army) whose leading heroes or warriors have been killed (with slain heroes, whose chief warriors are killed)

• विमुखम् (vimukham) - (the army) disoriented, scattered, or facing away in retreat (turned away, disarrayed, facing different directions)

• भयार्तम् (bhayārtam) - (the army) suffering intensely from fear (afflicted by fear, terrified)

• पराङ्मुखम् (parāṅmukham) - (the army) in full retreat, with soldiers turning their backs (with face averted, turned back, retreating)

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - for the most part, almost entirely (mostly, generally, frequently)

• अधृष्टयोधम् (adhṛṣṭayodham) - (the army) whose soldiers have lost their courage and are not bold (with timid warriors, whose fighters are not bold)

• शस्त्रार्चिषा (śastrārciṣā) - by the destructive brilliance or power of weapons wielded in battle (by the flame of weapons, by the fiery splendor of weapons)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by the powerful warrior Bhīmasena (by Bhīmasena)

• दग्धम् (dagdham) - utterly destroyed as if by fire (by the weapons of Bhīmasena) (burnt, consumed by fire)

• तदा (tadā) - at that particular time, as a consequence (then, at that time)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the war (battle, war)

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra himself (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would come to regret or be sorry for (he would repent, he would regret)

Words meanings and morphology

हतप्रवीरम् (hatapravīram) - (the army) whose leading heroes or warriors have been killed (with slain heroes, whose chief warriors are killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatapravīra

hatapravīra - having slain heroes, with dead chief warriors

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+pravīra)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• pravīra – chief hero, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

विमुखम् (vimukham) - (the army) disoriented, scattered, or facing away in retreat (turned away, disarrayed, facing different directions)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - averted, turning away, disinclined, disarrayed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – away, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

भयार्तम् (bhayārtam) - (the army) suffering intensely from fear (afflicted by fear, terrified)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhayārta

bhayārta - afflicted with fear, terrified

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, terror, danger
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā', or root 'ṛt' (to pain).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

पराङ्मुखम् (parāṅmukham) - (the army) in full retreat, with soldiers turning their backs (with face averted, turned back, retreating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - turned away, retreating, having the face averted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, backward, averted
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - for the most part, almost entirely (mostly, generally, frequently)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-śas' meaning 'in the manner of, by way of'.

अधृष्टयोधम् (adhṛṣṭayodham) - (the army) whose soldiers have lost their courage and are not bold (with timid warriors, whose fighters are not bold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhṛṣṭayodha

adhṛṣṭayodha - with warriors not bold, with timid fighters

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dhṛṣṭa+yodha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, brave
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dhṛṣ' (to be bold).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

शस्त्रार्चिषा (śastrārciṣā) - by the destructive brilliance or power of weapons wielded in battle (by the flame of weapons, by the fiery splendor of weapons)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śastrārcis

śastrārcis - flame of weapons, splendor of weapons, fierce glare of weapons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+arcis)

• śastra – weapon, sword
  noun (neuter)
• arcis – flame, ray, splendor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of 'dagdham'.

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by the powerful warrior Bhīmasena (by Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (one of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his strength)

Note: Agent of 'dagdham'.

दग्धम् (dagdham) - utterly destroyed as if by fire (by the weapons of Bhīmasena) (burnt, consumed by fire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dagdha

dagdha - burnt, consumed by fire, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dah' (to burn).

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'balaugham' from the previous verse.

तदा (tadā) - at that particular time, as a consequence (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the war (battle, war)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (originally)

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight); functions as a noun here.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'anvatapsyat'.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra himself (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic.

Note: Subject of 'anvatapsyat'.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would come to regret or be sorry for (he would repent, he would regret)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (conditional future) (luṅ) of anutap

Aorist

Derived from root 'tap' (to burn, suffer) with upasarga 'anu'. Third person singular s-aorist form. In 'yadā...tadā' constructions, it indicates a conditional future or a habitual past consequence.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)