महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-46

यदा रथं हेममणिप्रकाशं श्वेताश्वयुक्तं वानरकेतुमुग्रम् ।
द्रष्टा रणे संयतं केशवेन तदा तप्स्यत्यकृतात्मा स मन्दः ॥४६॥

46. yadā rathaṁ hemamaṇiprakāśaṁ; śvetāśvayuktaṁ vānaraketumugram ,
draṣṭā raṇe saṁyataṁ keśavena; tadā tapsyatyakṛtātmā sa mandaḥ.

46. yadā rathaṃ hemamaṇiprakāśaṃ
śvetāśvayuktaṃ vānarakeṃtuṃ ugraṃ
draṣṭā raṇe saṃyataṃ keśavena
tadā tapsyati akṛtātmā saḥ mandaḥ

46. When Suyodhana, that foolish man with an unrefined mind (akṛtātmā), sees the fierce chariot, shining like gold and gems, yoked with white horses, and bearing a monkey banner, controlled by Keśava (Krishna) in battle, then he will grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot (chariot, car)

• हेममणिप्रकाशं (hemamaṇiprakāśaṁ) - shining like gold and gems

• श्वेताश्वयुक्तं (śvetāśvayuktaṁ) - yoked with white horses

• वानरकेंतुं (vānarakeṁtuṁ) - monkey banner (referring to Arjuna's banner with Hanumān) (monkey banner)

• उग्रं (ugraṁ) - fierce (fierce, terrible, mighty)

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see (as future predicate) (the seer, one who will see)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• संयतं (saṁyataṁ) - controlled, driven (controlled, restrained, guided, yoked)

• केशवेन (keśavena) - by Keśava (Krishna)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will grieve (will grieve, will suffer, will be tormented)

• अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - with an unrefined mind (ātman) (whose self is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish (slow, dull, foolish, weak)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot (chariot, car)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

From root √ramh (to go, run).

Root: ramh (class 1)

हेममणिप्रकाशं (hemamaṇiprakāśaṁ) - shining like gold and gems

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemamaṇiprakāśa

hemamaṇiprakāśa - shining like gold and jewels, having the lustre of gold and gems

Compound of hema (gold) + maṇi (gem) + prakāśa (light, lustre, shining).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+maṇi+prakāśa)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• maṇi – gem, jewel
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, lustre, shining, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√kāś (to shine).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

श्वेताश्वयुक्तं (śvetāśvayuktaṁ) - yoked with white horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvetāśvayukta

śvetāśvayukta - yoked with white horses

Compound of śveta (white) + aśva (horse) + yukta (yoked).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śveta+aśva+yukta)

• śveta – white
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – yoked, joined, connected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yuj (to join, to yoke).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

वानरकेंतुं (vānarakeṁtuṁ) - monkey banner (referring to Arjuna's banner with Hanumān) (monkey banner)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānarakeṃtu

vānarakeṁtu - monkey banner, flag with a monkey emblem

Compound of vānara (monkey) + ketu (banner).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+ketu)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, sign
  noun (masculine)

उग्रं (ugraṁ) - fierce (fierce, terrible, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, strong

Note: Qualifies 'vānarakeṃtuṃ'.

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see (as future predicate) (the seer, one who will see)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, beholder, one who sees

Agent Noun

Derived from root √dṛś with the suffix -tṛ. It carries a future sense in this context.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: This agent noun functions as a future active verb in this context, the subject being Suyodhana.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, sound

From root √raṇ (to sound, to rejoice).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

संयतं (saṁyataṁ) - controlled, driven (controlled, restrained, guided, yoked)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃyata

saṁyata - controlled, restrained, guided, yoked, collected

Past Passive Participle

From saṃ-√yam (to control, to restrain).

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Here in masculine accusative singular, agreeing with 'rathaṃ'.

केशवेन (keśavena) - by Keśava (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna, lit. 'long-haired' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')

Note: Refers to Krishna as the charioteer.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will grieve (will grieve, will suffer, will be tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - with an unrefined mind (ātman) (whose self is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - whose mind/self (ātman) is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish

Compound of a- (not) + kṛta (done/refined) + ātman (self/mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, refined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, mind, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Suyodhana.

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish (slow, dull, foolish, weak)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - slow, dull, foolish, weak, sluggish

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.