महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-51

यदा मन्दः परबाणान्विमुक्तान्ममेषुभिर्ह्रियमाणान्प्रतीपम् ।
तिर्यग्विद्वांश्छिद्यमानान्क्षुरप्रैस्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥५१॥

51. yadā mandaḥ parabāṇānvimuktā;nmameṣubhirhriyamāṇānpratīpam ,
tiryagvidvāṁśchidyamānānkṣuraprai;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

51. yadā mandaḥ parabāṇān vimuktān
mameṣubhiḥ hriyamāṇān pratīpam tiryag
vidvān chidyamānān kṣurapraiḥ tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

51. When the dull-witted (Duryodhana) would perceive his enemies' released arrows being repelled in opposition by my (Arjuna's) arrows and being cut sideways by crescent-shaped arrows, then the son of Dhritarashtra would regret the war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - Duryodhana, implying his lack of foresight. (dull-witted, slow, foolish)

• परबाणान् (parabāṇān) - enemies' arrows, arrows of others

• विमुक्तान् (vimuktān) - released, shot forth

• ममेषुभिः (mameṣubhiḥ) - By Arjuna's arrows. (by my arrows)

• ह्रियमाणान् (hriyamāṇān) - being carried away, being warded off, being repelled

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in opposition, against, backwards, inversely

• तिर्यग् (tiryag) - sideways, obliquely, askance

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - Duryodhana perceiving. (knowing, perceiving, understanding)

• छिद्यमानान् (chidyamānān) - being cut, being severed, being split

• क्षुरप्रैः (kṣurapraiḥ) - by crescent-shaped arrows, by razor-sharp arrows

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - Duryodhana, implying his lack of foresight. (dull-witted, slow, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - dull, slow, foolish, weak

Root: mand (class 1)

Note: Referring to Duryodhana.

परबाणान् (parabāṇān) - enemies' arrows, arrows of others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parabāṇa

parabāṇa - arrows of others, enemy arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+bāṇa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `vidvān` (perceiving).

विमुक्तान् (vimuktān) - released, shot forth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimukta

vimukta - released, set free, discharged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `muc` (to release) with prefix `vi`, suffix `ta`

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

ममेषुभिः (mameṣubhiḥ) - By Arjuna's arrows. (by my arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mameṣu

mameṣu - my arrow

Compound of `mama` (my) and `iṣu` (arrow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mama+iṣu)

• mama – my, mine
  pronoun
  Genitive singular of 'I' (asmad)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive action (`hriyamāṇān`).

ह्रियमाणान् (hriyamāṇān) - being carried away, being warded off, being repelled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried, being taken, being repelled

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root `hṛ` (to carry, take) with passive suffix `ya` and present participle suffix `māna`

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in opposition, against, backwards, inversely

(indeclinable)

Can function as an adverb, or accusative of an adjective/noun used adverbially

Note: Describes how the arrows are repelled.

तिर्यग् (tiryag) - sideways, obliquely, askance

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tiryac`

Note: Describes the manner of cutting.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - Duryodhana perceiving. (knowing, perceiving, understanding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned

Perfect Active Participle

From root `vid` (to know), with perfect participle suffix `vas`

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with `mandaḥ`.

छिद्यमानान् (chidyamānān) - being cut, being severed, being split

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of chidyamāṇa

chidyamāṇa - being cut, being split

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root `chid` (to cut, cleave) with passive suffix `ya` and present participle suffix `māna`

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

क्षुरप्रैः (kṣurapraiḥ) - by crescent-shaped arrows, by razor-sharp arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣurapra

kṣurapra - crescent-shaped arrow, razor-edged arrow

Compound of `kṣura` (razor) and `pra` (foremost, excelling), referring to arrows shaped like a razor or a crescent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṣura+pra)

• kṣura – razor, knife
  noun (masculine)
• pra – foremost, excellent; (as prefix) forth, forward
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive action (`chidyamānān`).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `ta`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `anvatapsyat`.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic adjective from Dhritarashtra

Note: Subject of `anvatapsyat`.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, conditional past (counterfactual) (lṛṅ) of anu-tap

Conditional Future

3rd person singular, active, of root `tap` (to suffer, heat) with prefix `anu`. The `sya` indicates conditional/future, but with `a` augment, it's a conditional past, translated as 'would regret'. Pāṇinian `lṛṅ`.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is `dhārtarāṣṭraḥ`.