महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-51

यदा मन्दः परबाणान्विमुक्तान्ममेषुभिर्ह्रियमाणान्प्रतीपम् ।
तिर्यग्विद्वांश्छिद्यमानान्क्षुरप्रैस्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥५१॥

51. yadā mandaḥ parabāṇānvimuktā;nmameṣubhirhriyamāṇānpratīpam ,
tiryagvidvāṁśchidyamānānkṣuraprai;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

51. yadā mandaḥ parabāṇān vimuktān
mameṣubhiḥ hriyamāṇān pratīpam tiryag
vidvān chidyamānān kṣurapraiḥ tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

51. When the dull-witted (Duryodhana) would perceive his enemies' released arrows being repelled in opposition by my (Arjuna's) arrows and being cut sideways by crescent-shaped arrows, then the son of Dhritarashtra would regret the war.

51. כאשר יראה הטיפש את חיצי האויב ששוחררו, נקלטים בחיצים שלי ונחתכים באלכסון בחיצים בעלי ראש כתער, אז בן דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁתְרַה יתחרט על המלחמה.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - Duryodhana, implying his lack of foresight. (dull-witted, slow, foolish)

• परबाणान् (parabāṇān) - enemies' arrows, arrows of others

• विमुक्तान् (vimuktān) - released, shot forth

• ममेषुभिः (mameṣubhiḥ) - By Arjuna's arrows. (by my arrows)

• ह्रियमाणान् (hriyamāṇān) - being carried away, being warded off, being repelled

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in opposition, against, backwards, inversely

• तिर्यग् (tiryag) - sideways, obliquely, askance

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - Duryodhana perceiving. (knowing, perceiving, understanding)

• छिद्यमानान् (chidyamānān) - being cut, being severed, being split

• क्षुरप्रैः (kṣurapraiḥ) - by crescent-shaped arrows, by razor-sharp arrows

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - Duryodhana, implying his lack of foresight. (dull-witted, slow, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - dull, slow, foolish, weak

Root: mand (class 1)

Note: Referring to Duryodhana.

परबाणान् (parabāṇān) - enemies' arrows, arrows of others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parabāṇa

parabāṇa - arrows of others, enemy arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+bāṇa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `vidvān` (perceiving).

विमुक्तान् (vimuktān) - released, shot forth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimukta

vimukta - released, set free, discharged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `muc` (to release) with prefix `vi`, suffix `ta`

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

ममेषुभिः (mameṣubhiḥ) - By Arjuna's arrows. (by my arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mameṣu

mameṣu - my arrow

Compound of `mama` (my) and `iṣu` (arrow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mama+iṣu)

• mama – my, mine
  pronoun
  Genitive singular of 'I' (asmad)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive action (`hriyamāṇān`).

ह्रियमाणान् (hriyamāṇān) - being carried away, being warded off, being repelled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried, being taken, being repelled

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root `hṛ` (to carry, take) with passive suffix `ya` and present participle suffix `māna`

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in opposition, against, backwards, inversely

(indeclinable)

Can function as an adverb, or accusative of an adjective/noun used adverbially

Note: Describes how the arrows are repelled.

तिर्यग् (tiryag) - sideways, obliquely, askance

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tiryac`

Note: Describes the manner of cutting.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - Duryodhana perceiving. (knowing, perceiving, understanding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned

Perfect Active Participle

From root `vid` (to know), with perfect participle suffix `vas`

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with `mandaḥ`.

छिद्यमानान् (chidyamānān) - being cut, being severed, being split

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of chidyamāṇa

chidyamāṇa - being cut, being split

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root `chid` (to cut, cleave) with passive suffix `ya` and present participle suffix `māna`

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying `parabāṇān`.

क्षुरप्रैः (kṣurapraiḥ) - by crescent-shaped arrows, by razor-sharp arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣurapra

kṣurapra - crescent-shaped arrow, razor-edged arrow

Compound of `kṣura` (razor) and `pra` (foremost, excelling), referring to arrows shaped like a razor or a crescent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṣura+pra)

• kṣura – razor, knife
  noun (masculine)
• pra – foremost, excellent; (as prefix) forth, forward
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive action (`chidyamānān`).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `ta`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `anvatapsyat`.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic adjective from Dhritarashtra

Note: Subject of `anvatapsyat`.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, conditional past (counterfactual) (lṛṅ) of anu-tap

Conditional Future

3rd person singular, active, of root `tap` (to suffer, heat) with prefix `anu`. The `sya` indicates conditional/future, but with `a` augment, it's a conditional past, translated as 'would regret'. Pāṇinian `lṛṅ`.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is `dhārtarāṣṭraḥ`.

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