महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
पृच्छामि त्वां संजय राजमध्ये किमब्रवीद्वाक्यमदीनसत्त्वः ।
धनंजयस्तात युधां प्रणेता दुरात्मनां जीवितच्छिन्महात्मा ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
pṛcchāmi tvāṁ saṁjaya rājamadhye; kimabravīdvākyamadīnasattvaḥ ,
dhanaṁjayastāta yudhāṁ praṇetā; durātmanāṁ jīvitacchinmahātmā.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca pṛcchāmi tvām
saṃjaya rājamadhye kim abravīt vākyam
adīnasattvaḥ dhananjayaḥ tāta yudhām
praṇetā durātmanām jīvitacchit mahātmā

1. Dhritarashtra said: O Sanjaya, dear one (tāta), I ask you: what words did the high-souled (mahātman), energetic (adīnasattva), Dhananjaya (Arjuna) — the leader of battles and the destroyer of the lives of the wicked — speak in the assembly of kings?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, in the assembly of kings

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - high-spirited, energetic, not lowly in nature

• धनन्जयः (dhananjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment by elders to younger ones)

• युधाम् (yudhām) - of battles

• प्रणेता (praṇetā) - leader, guide

• दुरात्मनाम् (durātmanām) - of the wicked, evil-minded

• जीवितच्छित् (jīvitacchit) - destroyer of lives, one who cuts off lives

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble (mahātman)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king); holder of the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer); victory, complete triumph

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

राजमध्ये (rājamadhye) - in the midst of kings, in the assembly of kings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājamadhya

rājamadhya - the middle of kings, royal assembly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+madhya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

अदीनसत्त्वः (adīnasattvaḥ) - high-spirited, energetic, not lowly in nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīnasattva

adīnasattva - having an undepressed nature, high-spirited, courageous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+sattva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dīna – lowly, humble, distressed, depressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dī (to fade, be poor)
  Root: dī (class 4)
• sattva – essence, nature, being, courage, energy
  noun (neuter)

धनन्जयः (dhananjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhananjaya

dhananjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victor
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment by elders to younger ones)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, a term of affectionate address

युधाम् (yudhām) - of battles

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रणेता (praṇetā) - leader, guide

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇetṛ

praṇetṛ - leader, guide, director

Agent noun from root nī with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)

दुरात्मनाम् (durātmanām) - of the wicked, evil-minded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the true self (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

जीवितच्छित् (jīvitacchit) - destroyer of lives, one who cuts off lives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitacchid

jīvitacchid - cutter of life, slayer

Compound of jīvita (life) and chid (cutter)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (jīvita+chid)

• jīvita – life, living, duration of life
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• chid – cutting, breaking, one who cuts
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble (mahātman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted spirit

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the true self (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Next Verse