महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-50

यदा द्रष्टा ज्यामुखाद्बाणसंघान्गाण्डीवमुक्तान्पततः शिताग्रान् ।
नागान्हयान्वर्मिणश्चाददानांस्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥५०॥

50. yadā draṣṭā jyāmukhādbāṇasaṁghā;ngāṇḍīvamuktānpatataḥ śitāgrān ,
nāgānhayānvarmiṇaścādadānāṁ;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

50. yadā draṣṭā jyāmukhāt bāṇasaṅghān
gāṇḍīvamuktān patataḥ śitāgrān nāgān
hayān varmiṇaḥ ca ādadānān tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

50. When he (Duryodhana) would see the multitudes of sharp-tipped arrows, released from the Gaṇḍīva bow, falling from the bowstring's opening and destroying elephants, horses, and armored warriors, then the son of Dhritarashtra would regret the war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - Duryodhana would see. (he would see, one who sees)

• ज्यामुखात् (jyāmukhāt) - from the mouth of the bowstring, from the bowstring's opening

• बाणसङ्घान् (bāṇasaṅghān) - multitudes of arrows, groups of arrows

• गाण्डीवमुक्तान् (gāṇḍīvamuktān) - released from the Gaṇḍīva bow

• पततः (patataḥ) - falling, descending

• शिताग्रान् (śitāgrān) - sharp-tipped, having sharpened points

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (also serpents, but context implies elephants)

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• वर्मिणः (varmiṇaḥ) - armored ones, warriors in armor

• च (ca) - and

• आददानान् (ādadānān) - The arrows were destroying. (seizing, taking away, devouring, destroying)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - Duryodhana would see. (he would see, one who sees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, one who will see

Agent noun or Future Participle

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) with suffix `tṛ`. Often used with future sense when context suggests.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is Duryodhana.

ज्यामुखात् (jyāmukhāt) - from the mouth of the bowstring, from the bowstring's opening

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jyāmukha

jyāmukha - mouth of the bowstring, bowstring's opening

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jyā+mukha)

• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Source from which arrows issue.

बाणसङ्घान् (bāṇasaṅghān) - multitudes of arrows, groups of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇasaṅgha

bāṇasaṅgha - multitude of arrows, array of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+saṅgha)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – multitude, group, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  From root `han` (to strike, collect) with `sam` or `gam` (to go) with `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of `draṣṭā`.

गाण्डीवमुक्तान् (gāṇḍīvamuktān) - released from the Gaṇḍīva bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gāṇḍīvamukta

gāṇḍīvamukta - released from Gaṇḍīva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāṇḍīva+mukta)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• mukta – released, set free
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `muc` (to release) with suffix `ta`
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Adjective modifying `bāṇasaṅghān`.

पततः (patataḥ) - falling, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, dropping

Present Active Participle

Formed from root `pat` (to fall) with present participle suffix `at`

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with `bāṇasaṅghān`.

शिताग्रान् (śitāgrān) - sharp-tipped, having sharpened points

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śitāgra

śitāgra - sharp-pointed, sharp-tipped

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śita+agra)

• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `śo` (to sharpen) with suffix `ta`
  Root: śo (class 4)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying `bāṇasaṅghān`.

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (also serpents, but context implies elephants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, mountain-dweller

Note: Object of `ādadānān`.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of `ādadānān`.

वर्मिणः (varmiṇaḥ) - armored ones, warriors in armor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varmin

varmin - armored, wearing armor, warrior

Derived from `varman` (armor) with suffix `in`

Note: Object of `ādadānān`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in a list.

आददानान् (ādadānān) - The arrows were destroying. (seizing, taking away, devouring, destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ādadānā

ādadānā - seizing, taking, receiving, destroying

Present Active Participle

Formed from root `dā` (to give, take) with prefix `ā` and present participle suffix `āna` (middle voice). Here used in an active sense of 'taking away' or 'destroying'. Accusative masculine plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: This participle acts as an adjective modifying the 'multitudes of arrows,' describing their action.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `ta`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `anvatapsyat`.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic adjective from Dhritarashtra

Note: Subject of `anvatapsyat`.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, conditional past (counterfactual) (lṛṅ) of anu-tap

Conditional Future

3rd person singular, active, of root `tap` (to suffer, heat) with prefix `anu`. The `sya` indicates conditional/future, but with `a` augment, it's a conditional past, translated as 'would regret'. Pāṇinian `lṛṅ`.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is `dhārtarāṣṭraḥ`.