महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-89

न चेदिदं कर्म नरेषु बद्धं न विद्यते पुरुषस्य स्वकर्म ।
इदं च तच्चापि समीक्ष्य नूनं पराजयो धार्तराष्ट्रस्य साधुः ॥८९॥

89. na cedidaṁ karma nareṣu baddhaṁ; na vidyate puruṣasya svakarma ,
idaṁ ca taccāpi samīkṣya nūnaṁ; parājayo dhārtarāṣṭrasya sādhuḥ.

89. na cet idam karma nareṣu baddham
na vidyate puruṣasya svakarma
idam ca tat ca api samīkṣya nūnam
parājayaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrasya sādhuḥ

89. If this binding (karma) is not inherent in men, and if a man's own individual action (svakarma) does not exist, then certainly, having thoroughly considered both these points, the defeat of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (the Kauravas) is justified.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if, whether

• इदम् (idam) - this (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, effect of actions (karma)

• नरेषु (nareṣu) - among men, in men

• बद्धम् (baddham) - bound, fettered

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a man, of a person

• स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action (svakarma), own duty

• इदम् (idam) - this (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having considered, having perceived

• नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, surely, indeed

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, conquest

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - of Duryodhana or the Kauravas (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of the Kauravas)

• साधुः (sādhuḥ) - proper, good, righteous, virtuous, justified

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Can be nominative or accusative neuter singular. Here, likely nominative as subject 'this karma'.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, effect of actions (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नरेषु (nareṣu) - among men, in men

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, male, human being

बद्धम् (baddham) - bound, fettered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, fettered, caught

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bandh' (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular neuter, modifying 'karma'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present tense (laṭ) of vid

root verb, middle voice, present tense (often used impersonally or with passive sense)

Root: vid (class 4)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a man, of a person

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

स्वकर्म (svakarma) - one's own action (svakarma), own duty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svakarma

svakarma - one's own action, one's own duty (svakarma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• karma – action, deed, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Nominative singular neuter, subject of 'vidyate'.

इदम् (idam) - this (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Can be nominative or accusative neuter singular. Here, likely nominative as parallel to 'idam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (neuter, singular, nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be nominative or accusative neuter singular. Here, likely nominative as parallel to 'idam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having considered, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'ā-'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

नूनम् (nūnam) - certainly, surely, indeed

(indeclinable)

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, conquest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, discomfiture, conquest, frustration

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā-'.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - of Duryodhana or the Kauravas (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, of the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (collectively, the Kauravas)

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

साधुः (sādhuḥ) - proper, good, righteous, virtuous, justified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, right, proper, virtuous, honest, effective, justified

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, agreeing with 'parājayaḥ'.