महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-73

स निमज्जति कालस्य यदैकत्वं न बुध्यते ।
उन्मज्जति हि कालस्य ममत्वेनाभिसंवृतः ॥७३॥

73. sa nimajjati kālasya yadaikatvaṁ na budhyate ,
unmajjati hi kālasya mamatvenābhisaṁvṛtaḥ.

73. sa nimajjati kālasya yadā ekatvam na budhyate
unmajjati hi kālasya mamatvena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ

73. sa yadā ekatvam na budhyate,
(tadā) kālasya nimajjati; hi mamatvena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ (san) kālasya unmajjati.

73. He submerges himself in the flow of time (kāla) when he fails to recognize his fundamental oneness (aikatva). Conversely, he rises above the flow of time (kāla) when he is enveloped by the sense of 'mine' or possessiveness.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Refers to the same 'being' or 'self' as 'eṣaḥ' from the previous verse. (he, that)

• निमज्जति (nimajjati) - sinks, submerges, drowns

• कालस्य (kālasya) - In the context of 'sinks into/rises from time', it implies 'the realm of time' or 'the current of time'. (of time, belonging to time)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• एकत्वम् (ekatvam) - Refers to the unity of the individual self with the supreme (brahman) or the absence of duality. (oneness, unity)

• न (na) - not

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - perceives, understands, is aware

• उन्मज्जति (unmajjati) - rises, emerges, floats up

• हि (hi) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, surely, because)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - In the context of 'sinks into/rises from time', it implies 'the realm of time' or 'the current of time'. (of time, belonging to time)

• ममत्वेन (mamatvena) - by possessiveness, by the sense of 'mine'

• अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - completely covered, enveloped, surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Refers to the same 'being' or 'self' as 'eṣaḥ' from the previous verse. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निमज्जति (nimajjati) - sinks, submerges, drowns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ni-√maj

Prefix: ni

Root: maj (class 1)

कालस्य (kālasya) - In the context of 'sinks into/rises from time', it implies 'the realm of time' or 'the current of time'. (of time, belonging to time)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, destiny, period

Note: Genitive used with verbs of 'sinking into' or 'emerging from' a sphere.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

एकत्वम् (ekatvam) - Refers to the unity of the individual self with the supreme (brahman) or the absence of duality. (oneness, unity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekatva

ekatva - oneness, unity

From eka (one) + -tva (abstract suffix)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

बुध्यते (budhyate) - perceives, understands, is aware

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √budh

Root: budh (class 4)

उन्मज्जति (unmajjati) - rises, emerges, floats up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ud-√maj

Prefix: ud

Root: maj (class 1)

हि (hi) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

कालस्य (kālasya) - In the context of 'sinks into/rises from time', it implies 'the realm of time' or 'the current of time'. (of time, belonging to time)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, destiny, period

Note: Genitive used with verbs of 'sinking into' or 'emerging from' a sphere.

ममत्वेन (mamatvena) - by possessiveness, by the sense of 'mine'

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mamatva

mamatva - possessiveness, egocentricity, the sense of 'mine'

From mama (my) + -tva (abstract suffix)

अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - completely covered, enveloped, surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhisaṃvṛta

abhisaṁvṛta - completely covered/enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-sam-√vṛ (to cover, surround)

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (he).