महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-28

विश्वाविश्वं तथाश्वाश्वं मित्रं वरुणमेव च ।
ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं तथाज्ञो ज्ञः कस्तपा अतपास्तथा ।
सूर्यादः सूर्य इति च विद्याविद्ये तथैव च ॥२८॥

28. viśvāviśvaṁ tathāśvāśvaṁ mitraṁ varuṇameva ca ,
jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ tathājño jñaḥ kastapā atapāstathā ,
sūryādaḥ sūrya iti ca vidyāvidye tathaiva ca.

28. viśvāviśvam tathā aśvāśvam mitram
varuṇam eva ca jñānam jñeyam tathā ajñaḥ
jñaḥ kaḥ tapāḥ atapāḥ tathā sūryādaḥ
sūryaḥ iti ca vidyāvidye tathā eva ca

28. viśvāviśvam tathā aśvāśvam mitram
varuṇam eva ca jñānam jñeyam tathā ajñaḥ
jñaḥ kaḥ tapāḥ atapāḥ tathā sūryādaḥ
sūryaḥ iti ca vidyāvidye tathā eva ca

28. The universe and the non-universe; likewise, the swift and the not-swift; Mitra and Varuṇa as well; knowledge and the knowable; similarly, the ignorant and the wise; who is the one practicing spiritual austerity (tapas) and who is not practicing austerity, in the same way; the sun-devourer and the sun, thus; and knowledge and ignorance (avidyā) as well.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वाविश्वम् (viśvāviśvam) - the whole and the not-whole, the universe and the non-universe

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

• अश्वाश्वम् (aśvāśvam) - the swift and the not-swift, horse and non-horse

• मित्रम् (mitram) - the deity Mitra (Mitra (a deity), friend)

• वरुणम् (varuṇam) - the deity Varuṇa (Varuṇa (a deity))

• एव (eva) - also, as well (indeed, only, just, also)

• च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - the knowable, that which is to be known

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, an ignorant person

• ज्ञः (jñaḥ) - knower, wise, intelligent

• कः (kaḥ) - who (is)? (who? which?)

• तपाः (tapāḥ) - ascetic, one who performs spiritual austerity

• अतपाः (atapāḥ) - non-ascetic, one who does not perform spiritual austerity

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

• सूर्यादः (sūryādaḥ) - one who devours the sun (e.g., during an eclipse) (sun-eater, sun-devourer (Rāhu))

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun (sun, sun-god)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

• च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

• विद्याविद्ये (vidyāvidye) - knowledge and ignorance

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

• एव (eva) - also, as well (indeed, only, just, also)

• च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वाविश्वम् (viśvāviśvam) - the whole and the not-whole, the universe and the non-universe

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viśvāviśva

viśvāviśva - the universe and the non-universe, the whole and the not-whole

Compound type : dvandva (viśva+aviśva)

• viśva – all, whole, universe
  noun (neuter)
• aviśva – not all, not whole, non-universe
  noun (neuter)
  Negation of viśva with 'a' prefix.

Note: Accusative singular, forming a dvandva compound.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

अश्वाश्वम् (aśvāśvam) - the swift and the not-swift, horse and non-horse

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśvāśva

aśvāśva - the swift and the not-swift, horse and non-horse

Compound type : dvandva (aśva+anaśva)

• aśva – horse, swift, stallion
  noun (masculine)
• anaśva – not a horse, not swift
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of aśva with 'an' prefix.

Note: Accusative singular of a dvandva compound.

मित्रम् (mitram) - the deity Mitra (Mitra (a deity), friend)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, the sun, the deity Mitra

Note: Accusative singular.

वरुणम् (varuṇam) - the deity Varuṇa (Varuṇa (a deity))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - the deity Varuṇa (god of cosmic order, oceans, justice)

Note: Accusative singular.

एव (eva) - also, as well (indeed, only, just, also)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

From root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular.

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - the knowable, that which is to be known

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - knowable, cognizable, that which is to be known or understood

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root jñā (to know) with suffix -eya.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular, here substantivized as a noun.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, an ignorant person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, an ignorant person, a fool

Negation of jña (knower) or jñā (to know) with 'a' prefix.

Note: Nominative singular.

ज्ञः (jñaḥ) - knower, wise, intelligent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knowing, wise, intelligent, a knower, an expert

From root jñā (to know) with kṛt suffix -a.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Nominative singular.

कः (kaḥ) - who (is)? (who? which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

तपाः (tapāḥ) - ascetic, one who performs spiritual austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - practicing penance, ascetic, a devotee

Derived from tapas (penance, austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular.

अतपाः (atapāḥ) - non-ascetic, one who does not perform spiritual austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atapasvin

atapasvin - not practicing penance, non-ascetic

Negation of tapasvin with 'a' prefix.

Note: Nominative singular.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

सूर्यादः (sūryādaḥ) - one who devours the sun (e.g., during an eclipse) (sun-eater, sun-devourer (Rāhu))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryād

sūryād - sun-eater, sun-devourer

From sūrya (sun) and ad (to eat).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+ad)

• sūrya – sun, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
• ad – eating, eater
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root ad (to eat).
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun (sun, sun-god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Note: Nominative singular.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विद्याविद्ये (vidyāvidye) - knowledge and ignorance

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of vidyāvidyā

vidyāvidyā - knowledge and ignorance

Dvandva compound of vidyā (knowledge) and avidyā (ignorance).

Compound type : dvandva (vidyā+avidyā)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (feminine)
  Negation of vidyā with 'a' prefix.

Note: Nominative dual, or potentially accusative dual.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also, as well (indeed, only, just, also)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, as well (and, also)

(indeclinable)