महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-108

उपनिषदमुपाकरोत्तदा वै जनकनृपस्य पुरा हि याज्ञवल्क्यः ।
यदुपगणितशाश्वताव्ययं तच्छुभममृतत्वमशोकमृच्छतीति ॥१०८॥

108. upaniṣadamupākarottadā vai; janakanṛpasya purā hi yājñavalkyaḥ ,
yadupagaṇitaśāśvatāvyayaṁ ta;cchubhamamṛtatvamaśokamṛcchatīti.

108. upaniṣadam upākarot tadā vai
janakanṛpasya purā hi yājñavalkyaḥ yat
upagaṇita śāśvata avyayam tat
śubham amṛtatvam aśokam ṛcchati iti

108. purā hi tadā vai yājñavalkyaḥ
janakanṛpasya upaniṣadam upākarot yat
upagaṇita śāśvata avyayam tat
śubham aśokam amṛtatvam ṛcchati iti

108. Indeed, Yājñavalkya formerly expounded the Upaniṣad to King Janaka at that time. Through that teaching, one attains that auspicious, sorrowless, and immortal state (amṛtatva) which is understood to be eternal and imperishable.

Words meanings summery:

• उपनिषदम् (upaniṣadam) - Upanishad, esoteric doctrine

• उपाकरोत् (upākarot) - he expounded, he began, he initiated

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (particle)

• जनकनृपस्य (janakanṛpasya) - of King Janaka

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because (particle)

• याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - Yājñavalkya (proper noun)

• यत् (yat) - Because of which (teaching) (which, that, because of which)

• उपगणित (upagaṇita) - understood (as) (enumerated, calculated, understood, recognized)

• शाश्वत (śāśvata) - eternal, perpetual

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

• तत् (tat) - that (demonstrative pronoun neuter singular nominative/accusative)

• शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious, good, beautiful

• अमृतत्वम् (amṛtatvam) - immortality, deathlessness

• अशोकम् (aśokam) - sorrowless, free from grief

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - attains, reaches, obtains

• इति (iti) - thus, so (particle marking end of quote or thought)

Words meanings and morphology

उपनिषदम् (upaniṣadam) - Upanishad, esoteric doctrine

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaniṣad

upaniṣad - Upanishad (sacred text), esoteric doctrine, secret teaching

from upa-ni-ṣad (to sit down near)

Prefixes: upa+ni

Root: sad (class 1)

उपाकरोत् (upākarot) - he expounded, he began, he initiated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-ā-kṛ

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun 'tad'

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

जनकनृपस्य (janakanṛpasya) - of King Janaka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of janakanṛpa

janakanṛpa - King Janaka

Compound type : karmadhāraya (janaka+nṛpa)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nṛpa – king
  noun (masculine)
  from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because (particle)

(indeclinable)

याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - Yājñavalkya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yājñavalkya

yājñavalkya - Yājñavalkya (name of a famous sage)

यत् (yat) - Because of which (teaching) (which, that, because of which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Acts as a conjunction here, referring to the Upaniṣad.

उपगणित (upagaṇita) - understood (as) (enumerated, calculated, understood, recognized)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upagaṇita

upagaṇita - enumerated, calculated, understood, recognized

Past Passive Participle

from upa-gaṇ (to count, compute, understand)

Prefix: upa

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

शाश्वत (śāśvata) - eternal, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, indestructible, undecaying

from a (not) + vyaya (expenditure, decay)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from vi-i (to go apart, decay)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (demonstrative pronoun neuter singular nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'amṛtatvam'.

शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious, good, beautiful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious

अमृतत्वम् (amṛtatvam) - immortality, deathlessness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛtatva

amṛtatva - immortality, deathlessness, imperishability

from amṛta (immortal) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta+tva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• mṛta – dead, immortal (when prefixed with 'a')
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns (e.g., -ness, -hood)
  indeclinable

Note: Object of attainment (ṛcchati).

अशोकम् (aśokam) - sorrowless, free from grief

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśoka

aśoka - sorrowless, free from grief, free from pain

from a (not) + śoka (sorrow)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+śoka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

Note: Subject is implied, 'one'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (particle marking end of quote or thought)

(indeclinable)