महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-5

ततः प्रणम्य शिरसा मयोक्तस्तपतां वरः ।
यजूंषि नोपयुक्तानि क्षिप्रमिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥५॥

5. tataḥ praṇamya śirasā mayoktastapatāṁ varaḥ ,
yajūṁṣi nopayuktāni kṣipramicchāmi veditum.

5. tataḥ praṇamya śirasā mayā uktaḥ tapatām varaḥ
| yajūṃṣi na upayuktāni kṣipram icchāmi veditum

5. tataḥ śirasā praṇamya tapatām varaḥ mayā uktaḥ
yajūṃṣi na upayuktāni kṣipram veditum icchāmi

5. Then, having bowed his head, the best among those practicing austerities (tapas) was addressed by me: 'I quickly wish to learn the Yajus mantras that were not employed.'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed (having bowed down, having saluted)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (was told) (spoken, said, told, addressed)

• तपताम् (tapatām) - of those practicing austerities (tapas) (of those who practice austerities, of ascetics)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (best, excellent, boon, choice)

• यजूंषि (yajūṁṣi) - Yajus mantras (Yajus mantras, sacrificial formulas)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उपयुक्तानि (upayuktāni) - employed (used, employed, engaged, relevant)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to learn (to know, to learn, to understand)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed (having bowed down, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from the root nam ('to bow') with the prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with his head (by the head, with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Instrument of bowing.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'mayā uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (was told) (spoken, said, told, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root vac ('to speak').

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'varaḥ'.

तपताम् (tapatām) - of those practicing austerities (tapas) (of those who practice austerities, of ascetics)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tapat

tapat - practicing austerities, ascetic

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural of the present active participle from the root tap ('to perform austerities').

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Part of the genitive construction 'tapatām varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

Derived from the root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of the first clause, refers to the sage.

यजूंषि (yajūṁṣi) - Yajus mantras (Yajus mantras, sacrificial formulas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yajus

yajus - Yajus mantra, sacrificial formula (part of the Veda)

From the root yaj (to worship, perform ritual).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'veditum'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates 'upayuktāni'.

उपयुक्तानि (upayuktāni) - employed (used, employed, engaged, relevant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upayukta

upayukta - used, employed, engaged, relevant

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root yuj ('to join, use') with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'yajūṃṣi'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage (neuter accusative singular).

Note: Adverb modifying 'icchāmi veditum'.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present active, 1st person singular

From root iṣ (6th class, 'to wish'), present tense, active voice, 1st person singular.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause (direct speech).

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to learn (to know, to learn, to understand)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vid

infinitive

Infinitive form of the root vid (2nd class, 'to know').

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'icchāmi'.