महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-45

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गुणक्षयत्वात्प्रकृतिः कर्तृत्वादक्षयं बुधाः ।
एषा तेऽऽन्वीक्षिकी विद्या चतुर्थी सांपरायिकी ॥४५॥

45. guṇakṣayatvātprakṛtiḥ kartṛtvādakṣayaṁ budhāḥ ,
eṣā te''nvīkṣikī vidyā caturthī sāṁparāyikī.

45. guṇakṣayatvāt prakṛtiḥ kartṛtvāt akṣayam budhāḥ
| eṣā te ānvīkṣikī vidyā caturthī sāmparāyikī

45. guṇakṣayatvāt prakṛtiḥ kartṛtvāt akṣayam budhāḥ
eṣā te ānvīkṣikī vidyā caturthī sāmparāyikī

45. The wise (budhāḥ) consider nature (prakṛti) imperishable (akṣayam) because of the cessation of qualities and due to its (intrinsic) agency. This analytical knowledge (vidyā) is presented to you as the fourth, which pertains to the ultimate spiritual goal.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

गुणक्षयत्वात् (guṇakṣayatvāt) - due to the destruction of qualities, because of the impermanence of attributes

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - In Sāṃkhya philosophy, the primordial substance or matter from which the universe evolves. (nature, primordial matter, source)

कर्तृत्वात् (kartṛtvāt) - due to agency, because of doership

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - Referring to prakṛti as an eternal principle, despite its changing qualities. (imperishable, undecaying)

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, intelligent ones, learned ones

एषा (eṣā) - this, this one

ते (te) - to you, your

आन्वीक्षिकी (ānvīkṣikī) - Refers to a specific type of philosophical inquiry. (analytical, logical, speculative)

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, science, learning

चतुर्थी (caturthī) - fourth

साम्परायिकी (sāmparāyikī) - pertaining to the ultimate spiritual goal, relating to the future state, conducive to liberation

Words meanings and morphology

गुणक्षयत्वात् (guṇakṣayatvāt) - due to the destruction of qualities, because of the impermanence of attributes

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of guṇakṣayatva

guṇakṣayatva - the state of qualities being destroyed/decaying

compound of guṇa (quality) + kṣaya (decay) + tva (abstract suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+kṣaya+tva)

guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti)
noun (masculine)
kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
noun (masculine)
from root kṣi
Root: kṣi (class 1)
tva – suffix for abstract noun, -ness, -hood
indeclinable
abstract noun suffix

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - In Sāṃkhya philosophy, the primordial substance or matter from which the universe evolves. (nature, primordial matter, source)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, original form, source, primordial matter (prakṛti)

From pra-kṛ (to make, to do, to create)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्तृत्वात् (kartṛtvāt) - due to agency, because of doership

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kartṛtva

kartṛtva - agency, doership, the state of being an agent

From kartṛ (agent, doer) + tva (abstract suffix)

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - Referring to prakṛti as an eternal principle, despite its changing qualities. (imperishable, undecaying)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter/masculine, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, undecaying, eternal

a (not) + kṣaya (destruction)

Compound type : na-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

a – not, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix
kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
noun (masculine)
from root kṣi
Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Though prakṛti is feminine, akṣayam (neuter/masculine) is often used here as a general predicate 'imperishable' or refers to an implied object (like puruṣam from previous verse or abstract "that which").

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, intelligent ones, learned ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person, a sage

From root budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

एषा (eṣā) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with vidyā.