महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-30

अथोक्तश्च मया राजन्राजा गन्धर्वसत्तमः ।
पृष्टवाननुपूर्वेण प्रश्नमुत्तममर्थवत् ॥३०॥

30. athoktaśca mayā rājanrājā gandharvasattamaḥ ,
pṛṣṭavānanupūrveṇa praśnamuttamamarthavat.

30. atha uktaḥ ca mayā rājan rājā gandharvasattamaḥ
pṛṣṭavān anupūrveṇa praśnam uttamam arthavat

30. atha rājan mayā ca uktaḥ rājā gandharvasattamaḥ
anupūrveṇa uttamam arthavat praśnam pṛṣṭavān

30. Now, it was related by me, O King: the king, the best among Gandharvas, asked an excellent and meaningful question in due order.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, next (introducing a new topic) (now, then, moreover, thus)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - related, told (by me) (spoken, said, told)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मया (mayā) - by me

• राजन् (rājan) - term of address for the king (O King)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (who is the best among Gandharvas) (king, ruler)

• गन्धर्वसत्तमः (gandharvasattamaḥ) - the best among Gandharvas

• पृष्टवान् (pṛṣṭavān) - asked, questioned

• अनुपूर्वेण (anupūrveṇa) - in due order, in sequence, successively

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, rich in meaning

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, next (introducing a new topic) (now, then, moreover, thus)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce a new topic, a beginning, or a sequence.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - related, told (by me) (spoken, said, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak), irregular past participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle, nominative singular masculine.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Instrumental singular.

राजन् (rājan) - term of address for the king (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular.

राजा (rājā) - the king (who is the best among Gandharvas) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

गन्धर्वसत्तमः (gandharvasattamaḥ) - the best among Gandharvas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandharvasattama

gandharvasattama - the best of the Gandharvas, most excellent Gandharva

Tatpurusha compound (sattama is an adjective meaning 'best').

Compound type : tatpurusha (gandharva+sattama)

• gandharva – a class of celestial beings, heavenly musician
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good).

Note: Nominative singular masculine, describing the King.

पृष्टवान् (pṛṣṭavān) - asked, questioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭavat

pṛṣṭavat - having asked, questioned

Past Active Participle

Formed from root prach (to ask) with suffix -tavat.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, agreeing with rājā gandharvasattamaḥ.

अनुपूर्वेण (anupūrveṇa) - in due order, in sequence, successively

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anupūrva

anupūrva - successive, regular, in due order or sequence

From anu- + pūrva (preceding).

Note: Instrumental singular masculine, functioning adverbially.

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, doubt

From pra- + root śnā (to ask).

Prefix: pra

Root: śnā (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular neuter.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, supreme, best, excellent

Superlative form of 'ut' (up).

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with praśnam.

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, rich in meaning

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - meaningful, significant, rich in meaning, wealthy, useful

Possessive suffix -vat from artha (meaning, wealth).

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with praśnam.