महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-1

याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच ।
अव्यक्तस्थं परं यत्तत्पृष्टस्तेऽहं नराधिप ।
परं गुह्यमिमं प्रश्नं शृणुष्वावहितो नृप ॥१॥

1. yājñavalkya uvāca ,
avyaktasthaṁ paraṁ yattatpṛṣṭaste'haṁ narādhipa ,
paraṁ guhyamimaṁ praśnaṁ śṛṇuṣvāvahito nṛpa.

1. yājñavalkya uvāca avyaktastham param yat tat pṛṣṭaḥ te aham
narādhipa param guhyam imam praśnam śṛṇuṣva avahitaḥ nṛpa

1. yājñavalkya uvāca narādhipa,
te avyaktastham param yat tat aham pṛṣṭaḥ nṛpa,
avahitaḥ imam param guhyam praśnam śṛṇuṣva

1. Yājñavalkya said: 'O ruler of men (narādhipa), I have been asked by you about that supreme (parama) reality which is located in the unmanifest. O king (nṛpa), listen attentively to this question, which is a supreme secret.'

Words meanings summery:

• याज्ञवल्क्य (yājñavalkya) - Yājñavalkya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अव्यक्तस्थम् (avyaktastham) - residing in the unmanifest, situated in the unmanifest

• परम् (param) - supreme (reality) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked, questioned

• ते (te) - by you (instrumental sense with passive participle) (by you (dative/genitive/instrumental singular))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

• परम् (param) - supreme (secret) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

• इमम् (imam) - this

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen, hear

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, concentrated

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

याज्ञवल्क्य (yājñavalkya) - Yājñavalkya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yājñavalkya

yājñavalkya - Yājñavalkya (an ancient Vedic sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अव्यक्तस्थम् (avyaktastham) - residing in the unmanifest, situated in the unmanifest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaktastha

avyaktastha - situated in the unmanifest

Compound of 'avyakta' (unmanifest) and 'stha' (standing/residing)

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (avyakta+stha)

• avyakta – unmanifest, unperceived, undeveloped
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Compound of 'a' (neg.) and 'vyakta' (manifest)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, residing
  adjective
  From root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

परम् (param) - supreme (reality) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent; other, subsequent

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that which, whoever

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked, questioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, inquired

Past Passive Participle

From root prach 'to ask'

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Used here as a predicate adjective with 'aham' and 'te'

ते (te) - by you (instrumental sense with passive participle) (by you (dative/genitive/instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Here used with a passive participle, implying instrumental agent, i.e., 'by you'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (lord)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

परम् (param) - supreme (secret) (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent; other, subsequent

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from root guh 'to hide'

Root: guh (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question, inquiry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

From root prach 'to ask'

Root: prach (class 6)

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, concentrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, concentrated, absorbed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)