महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-47

जायन्ते च म्रियन्ते च यस्मिन्नेते यतश्च्युताः ।
वेदार्थं ये न जानन्ति वेद्यं गन्धर्वसत्तम ॥४७॥

47. jāyante ca mriyante ca yasminnete yataścyutāḥ ,
vedārthaṁ ye na jānanti vedyaṁ gandharvasattama.

47. jāyante ca mriyante ca yasmin ete yataḥ cyutāḥ |
vedārtham ye na jānanti vedyam gandharvasattama

47. gandharvasattama ete yasmin ca yataḥ ca cyutāḥ
jāyante ca mriyante ye vedārtham vedyam na jānanti

47. O best of Gandharvas (gandharva-sattama), these (beings) are born and die in whom (yasmin) and from whom (yataḥ) they emanate; those who do not know the meaning of the Vedas, nor that which is truly to be known.

Words meanings summery:

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they originate

• च (ca) - and, also

• म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die, they perish

• च (ca) - and, also

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers to the ultimate source/entity. (in whom, in which)

• एते (ete) - Refers to the various living beings or manifested entities. (these (beings))

• यतः (yataḥ) - Refers to the ultimate source/origin. (from whom, from which, whence)

• च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - Emanate or come forth (from the source). (fallen, separated, deviated)

• वेदार्थम् (vedārtham) - the meaning of the Vedas

• ये (ye) - Refers to individuals who are ignorant. (those who)

• न (na) - not, no

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

• वेद्यम् (vedyam) - The ultimate truth or reality that should be known. (what is to be known, that which is knowable)

• गन्धर्वसत्तम (gandharvasattama) - Vocative, addressing a specific Gandharva (divine musician). (O best of Gandharvas)

Words meanings and morphology

जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they originate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Root jan, 4th class, Ātmanepada.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to 'ete' (these beings).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

particle

म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die, they perish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛ

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Root mṛ, 6th class, Ātmanepada (usually).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

particle

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers to the ultimate source/entity. (in whom, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun yad, locative masculine/neuter singular.

एते (ete) - Refers to the various living beings or manifested entities. (these (beings))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form.

यतः (yataḥ) - Refers to the ultimate source/origin. (from whom, from which, whence)

(indeclinable)

From relative pronoun yad + tas suffix.

च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - Emanate or come forth (from the source). (fallen, separated, deviated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated, separated, emanated

Past Passive Participle

From root cyu (to move, fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

वेदार्थम् (vedārtham) - the meaning of the Vedas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vedārtha

vedārtha - meaning of the Vedas, purpose of the Vedas

Compound of veda (Veda) + artha (meaning, purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+artha)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  from root vid
  Root: vid (class 2)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

ये (ye) - Refers to individuals who are ignorant. (those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root jñā, 9th class (or jñā of class 9).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Negated by na.

वेद्यम् (vedyam) - The ultimate truth or reality that should be known. (what is to be known, that which is knowable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vedya

vedya - to be known, knowable, perceptible, what should be known

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root vid (to know) + ya suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

गन्धर्वसत्तम (gandharvasattama) - Vocative, addressing a specific Gandharva (divine musician). (O best of Gandharvas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gandharvasattama

gandharvasattama - best among Gandharvas

Compound of gandharva (Gandharva) + sattama (best, excellent - superlative of sat).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gandharva+sattama)

• gandharva – Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama