महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-306, verse-40

कस्तपा अतपाः प्रोक्तः कोऽसौ पुरुष उच्यते ।
तपाः प्रकृतिरित्याहुरतपा निष्कलः स्मृतः ॥४०॥

40. kastapā atapāḥ proktaḥ ko'sau puruṣa ucyate ,
tapāḥ prakṛtirityāhuratapā niṣkalaḥ smṛtaḥ.

40. kaḥ tapāḥ atapāḥ proktaḥ kaḥ asau puruṣaḥ ucyate
| tapāḥ prakṛtiḥ iti āhuḥ atapāḥ niṣkalaḥ smṛtaḥ

40. kaḥ tapāḥ proktaḥ kaḥ asau puruṣaḥ ucyate
prakṛtiḥ tapāḥ iti āhuḥ atapāḥ niṣkalaḥ smṛtaḥ

40. Who is declared to be the 'active' and who the 'inactive'? Who is that cosmic person (puruṣa) called? They declare that nature (prakṛti) is the 'active' principle, and the 'inactive' principle is remembered as the partless (niṣkala).

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• तपाः (tapāḥ) - the active principle (active principle, one possessing heat/energy)

• अतपाः (atapāḥ) - the inactive principle (inactive principle, one without heat/energy)

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, proclaimed

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• असौ (asau) - that (person/thing yonder)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (cosmic person, individual soul, man)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• तपाः (tapāḥ) - the active principle (active principle, one possessing heat/energy)

• प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - the fundamental material nature (prakṛti) (nature, origin, fundamental matter)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates a quote

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• अतपाः (atapāḥ) - the inactive principle (inactive principle, one without heat/energy)

• निष्कलः (niṣkalaḥ) - the partless (niṣkala) (partless, undivided, without fractions)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, traditionally known

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

तपाः (tapāḥ) - the active principle (active principle, one possessing heat/energy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, energy, austerity, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

अतपाः (atapāḥ) - the inactive principle (inactive principle, one without heat/energy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atapas

atapas - lack of heat/energy, non-austerity

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tapas)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• tapas – heat, energy, austerity, penance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, proclaimed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, said, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From pra-vac (to speak, declare)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

असौ (asau) - that (person/thing yonder)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, yonder

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (cosmic person, individual soul, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, cosmic person, spirit

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तपाः (tapāḥ) - the active principle (active principle, one possessing heat/energy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, energy, austerity, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - the fundamental material nature (prakṛti) (nature, origin, fundamental matter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, fundamental matter, primary substance

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates a quote

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 0)

अतपाः (atapāḥ) - the inactive principle (inactive principle, one without heat/energy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atapas

atapas - lack of heat/energy, non-austerity

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tapas)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• tapas – heat, energy, austerity, penance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

निष्कलः (niṣkalaḥ) - the partless (niṣkala) (partless, undivided, without fractions)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkala

niṣkala - partless, indivisible, pure, undivided

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+kala)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• kala – part, portion, digit, art
  noun (masculine)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, traditionally known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, considered, recollected

Past Passive Participle

From smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)