योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-13, verse-50

जडं यत्किल निर्हीनं चिता दीपिकयौजसा ।
तन्मनः शवसंकाशमचिदुत्तिष्ठते कथम् ॥ ५० ॥

jaḍaṃ yatkila nirhīnaṃ citā dīpikayaujasā ,
tanmanaḥ śavasaṃkāśamaciduttiṣṭhate katham 50

50. jaḍam yat kila nirhīnam citā dīpikayā ojasā
tat manaḥ śavasaṃkāśam acit uttiṣṭhate katham

50. yat kila jaḍam citā dīpikayā ojasā nirhīnam,
śavasaṃkāśam acit tat manaḥ katham uttiṣṭhate?

50. How can that mind, which is indeed inert, deprived of consciousness (cit)—like a lamp devoid of its inherent light (ojas)—and which resembles a corpse, being non-conscious, possibly function?

Words meanings summery:

• जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, unconscious, dull

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, surely

• निर्हीनम् (nirhīnam) - devoid of, deprived of, separated from

• चिता (citā) - by consciousness

• दीपिकया (dīpikayā) - by a lamp (as a source of light for comparison) (by a lamp, by a light)

• ओजसा (ojasā) - by light/radiance (inherent quality of a lamp) (by light, by radiance, by vitality, by strength)

• तत् (tat) - that

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

• शवसंकाशम् (śavasaṁkāśam) - resembling a corpse, corpse-like

• अचित् (acit) - unconscious, non-conscious, non-intelligent

• उत्तिष्ठते (uttiṣṭhate) - arises, stands up, functions, operates

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

Words meanings and morphology

जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, unconscious, dull

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, unconscious, dull, cold, stupid

Note: Adjective modifying manaḥ (via yat).

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to manaḥ.

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle emphasizing the statement.

निर्हीनम् (nirhīnam) - devoid of, deprived of, separated from

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirhīna

nirhīna - devoid of, deprived of, separated from

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave) with prefix 'nir'

Prefix: nir

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Modifies manaḥ (via yat).

चिता (citā) - by consciousness

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of cit

cit - consciousness, knowledge, intelligence, mind

Note: Indicates what nirhīnam (devoid of).

दीपिकया (dīpikayā) - by a lamp (as a source of light for comparison) (by a lamp, by a light)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dīpikā

dīpikā - lamp, light, commentary

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Part of a simile for being devoid of something.

ओजसा (ojasā) - by light/radiance (inherent quality of a lamp) (by light, by radiance, by vitality, by strength)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - light, radiance, vitality, strength, essence

Note: Part of a simile for being devoid of something.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative/correlative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for yat.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, faculty of thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Main subject.

शवसंकाशम् (śavasaṁkāśam) - resembling a corpse, corpse-like

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śavasaṃkāśa

śavasaṁkāśa - resembling a corpse, corpse-like

Compound type : tatpurusha (śava+saṃkāśa)

• śava – corpse, dead body
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, appearing
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifies manaḥ.

अचित् (acit) - unconscious, non-conscious, non-intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of acit

acit - unconscious, non-conscious, non-intelligent, dull

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+cit)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cit – consciousness, knowledge
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies manaḥ.

उत्तिष्ठते (uttiṣṭhate) - arises, stands up, functions, operates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of uttiṣṭh

present middle

3rd person singular present middle indicative

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.