योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-13, verse-108

हा कष्टमपि दुर्बुद्धेः सृष्टिर्मौर्ख्यवशं गता ।
असतैव यदेतेन जीवेनाप्युपपाद्यते ॥ १०८ ॥

hā kaṣṭamapi durbuddheḥ sṛṣṭirmaurkhyavaśaṃ gatā ,
asataiva yadetena jīvenāpyupapādyate 108

108. hā kaṣṭam api durbuddheḥ sṛṣṭiḥ maurkya-vaśam
gatā asatā eva yat etena jīvena api upapādyate

108. hā kaṣṭam api! durbuddheḥ sṛṣṭiḥ maurkya-vaśam gatā; yat etena asatā jīvena api eva upapādyate.

108. Alas, how lamentable! Even for the dull-witted, creation (sṛṣṭi) has fallen under the sway of folly (maurkham), precisely because it is established even by this non-existent living being (jīva).

Words meanings summery:

• हा (hā) - alas, ah (expressing lament) (alas, ah, oh (exclamation of sorrow, surprise, or joy))

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - lamentable (as an exclamation) (woe, misery, difficulty, lamentable (adjective or noun))

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, and, too)

• दुर्बुद्धेः (durbuddheḥ) - of the dull-witted (of one with bad intellect, of the foolish, of the dull-witted)

• सृष्टिः (sṛṣṭiḥ) - creation (creation, emanation, production, nature)

• मौर्क्य-वशम् (maurkya-vaśam) - under the sway of folly (under the power of folly, subject to folly)

• गता (gatā) - has gone (to), become subject (to) (gone, reached, attained, become)

• असता (asatā) - by the non-existent / unreal (by the non-existent, by the unreal, by the wicked)

• एव (eva) - precisely, only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• यत् (yat) - because, inasmuch as (that, which, because, inasmuch as)

• एतेन (etena) - by this (by this, by that (masculine/neuter))

• जीवेन (jīvena) - by this living being (jīva) (by the living being, by the individual soul)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, and, too)

• उपपाद्यते (upapādyate) - is established / is brought about (is established, is accomplished, is brought about, is proved)

Words meanings and morphology

हा (hā) - alas, ah (expressing lament) (alas, ah, oh (exclamation of sorrow, surprise, or joy))

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - lamentable (as an exclamation) (woe, misery, difficulty, lamentable (adjective or noun))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - pain, difficulty, misery, lamentable, bad

Note: Used as an exclamation 'how lamentable!' or 'woe!'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, and, too)

(indeclinable)

दुर्बुद्धेः (durbuddheḥ) - of the dull-witted (of one with bad intellect, of the foolish, of the dull-witted)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - bad intellect, foolishness, dull-witted

dur- (bad) + buddhi (intellect, understanding)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, understand)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to a person with dull intellect.

सृष्टिः (sṛṣṭiḥ) - creation (creation, emanation, production, nature)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sṛṣṭi

sṛṣṭi - creation, emanation, production, nature

from root sṛj (to create, emit) + suffix kti

Root: sṛj (class 6)

मौर्क्य-वशम् (maurkya-vaśam) - under the sway of folly (under the power of folly, subject to folly)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maurkya-vaśa

maurkya-vaśa - power of folly, control of foolishness

compound of maurkya and vaśa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (maurkya+vaśa)

• maurkya – folly, stupidity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from mūrkha (foolish person)
• vaśa – power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 1)

Note: Governed by the verb 'gatā'.

गता (gatā) - has gone (to), become subject (to) (gone, reached, attained, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, become, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from root gam (to go) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sṛṣṭiḥ'.

असता (asatā) - by the non-existent / unreal (by the non-existent, by the unreal, by the wicked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle

a- (negation) + sat (present active participle of as, 'being, existent')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• sat – existent, real, good, being
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be) + śatṛ (present active participle suffix)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvena'.

एव (eva) - precisely, only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यत् (yat) - because, inasmuch as (that, which, because, inasmuch as)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

एतेन (etena) - by this (by this, by that (masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'jīvena' and 'asatā'.

जीवेन (jīvena) - by this living being (jīva) (by the living being, by the individual soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, individual soul, life

from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, and, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasis particle.

उपपाद्यते (upapādyate) - is established / is brought about (is established, is accomplished, is brought about, is proved)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upapad

Present Tense

Causative stem upapāday (to make clear, establish) in passive voice, ātmanepada form

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The subject 'yat' (referring to sṛṣṭi) is neuter singular nominative.