योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-13, verse-18

एतावदेवातितमो यदहंभावभावनम् ।
तस्मिंश्च शममानीते प्रकाश उपजायते ॥ १८ ॥

etāvadevātitamo yadahaṃbhāvabhāvanam ,
tasmiṃśca śamamānīte prakāśa upajāyate 18

18. etāvat eva atitamaḥ yat ahaṃbhāvabhāvanam
tasmin ca śamam ānīte prakāśaḥ upajāyate

18. yat ahaṃbhāvabhāvanam etāvat eva atitamaḥ
ca tasmin śamam ānīte prakāśaḥ upajāyate

18. The greatest darkness is precisely this identification with the sense of 'I' (ahaṅkāra). And when that (ahaṅkāra) is brought to tranquility, then light arises.

Words meanings summery:

• एतावत् (etāvat) - this much (referring to the extent of darkness) (this much, so much, so far, to this extent)

• एव (eva) - precisely, indeed (only, indeed, just, precisely)

• अतितमः (atitamaḥ) - the greatest darkness (greatest darkness, profound darkness)

• यत् (yat) - which is (which, that (relative pronoun))

• अहंभावभावनम् (ahaṁbhāvabhāvanam) - the identification with the sense of 'I' (ahaṅkāra) (the feeling/notion of 'I', ego-sense)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (ego-sense) (in that, on that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शमम् (śamam) - peace, tranquility (peace, tranquility, quietude)

• आनीते (ānīte) - when brought (to a state of tranquility) (being brought, when brought)

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light (light, brightness, manifestation, clarity)

• उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises (arises, is born, appears, comes into being)

Words meanings and morphology

एतावत् (etāvat) - this much (referring to the extent of darkness) (this much, so much, so far, to this extent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, so far, this much, to this extent

Note: Often used adverbially.

एव (eva) - precisely, indeed (only, indeed, just, precisely)

(indeclinable)

अतितमः (atitamaḥ) - the greatest darkness (greatest darkness, profound darkness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atitama

atitama - very dark, extremely dark, greatest darkness (as a noun derived from an adjective)

Superlative degree of 'atita' or derived from 'tamas' (darkness) with 'ati' prefix, suggesting profound darkness.

Note: Used as a substantive here, meaning 'the greatest darkness'.

यत् (yat) - which is (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'etāvat atitamaḥ'.

अहंभावभावनम् (ahaṁbhāvabhāvanam) - the identification with the sense of 'I' (ahaṅkāra) (the feeling/notion of 'I', ego-sense)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahaṃbhāvabhāvana

ahaṁbhāvabhāvana - the idea or notion of 'I', ego-sense, egoity

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+bhāva+bhāvana)

• aham – I (first person pronoun)
  pronoun
• bhāva – state, condition, feeling, notion, existence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root BHŪ (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• bhāvana – causing to be, bringing into existence, contemplation, notion, idea
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun/Action noun
  Derived from root BHŪ with causative suffix 'ṇic' and 'ana' suffix.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the concept of ego (ahaṅkāra).

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (ego-sense) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'ahaṃbhāvabhāvanam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शमम् (śamam) - peace, tranquility (peace, tranquility, quietude)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, peace, calm, quietude, cessation

Derived from root ŚAM (to be quiet, calm).

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Object of the verbal action 'ānīte'.

आनीते (ānīte) - when brought (to a state of tranquility) (being brought, when brought)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ānīta

ānīta - brought near, led, brought, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Root NĪ (to lead, carry) with upasarga Ā (to, near) and past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, implying 'when it is brought'.

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light (light, brightness, manifestation, clarity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brilliance, manifestation, appearance, clarity

Derived from root KĀŚ (to shine) with upasarga PRA.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'upajāyate'.

उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises (arises, is born, appears, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upajan

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root JAN (to be born) with upasarga UPA. 4th class, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: upa

Root: jan (class 4)