महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-44, verse-28

सुभ्राजो भास्करश्चैव यौ तौ सूर्यानुयायिनौ ।
तौ सूर्यः कार्त्तिकेयाय ददौ प्रीतः प्रतापवान् ॥२८॥

28. subhrājo bhāskaraścaiva yau tau sūryānuyāyinau ,
tau sūryaḥ kārttikeyāya dadau prītaḥ pratāpavān.

28. subhrājau bhāskaraḥ ca eva yau tau sūryānuyāyinau
tau sūryaḥ kārttikeyāya dadau prītaḥ pratāpavān

28. pratāpavān prītaḥ sūryaḥ yau tau subhrājau bhāskaraḥ
ca eva sūryānuyāyinau tau kārttikeyāya dadau

28. The glorious (pratāpavān) Sun, being pleased, bestowed upon Kārttikeya those two, Subhrāja and Bhāskara, who were his followers.

Words meanings summery:

• सुभ्राजौ (subhrājau) - Subhrāja (proper name)

• भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - Bhāskara (proper name of an attendant) (Bhāskara (proper name), sun, producer of light)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding statement (indeed, only, just, quite)

• यौ (yau) - those two who (who (dual masculine))

• तौ (tau) - those two (masculine)

• सूर्यानुयायिनौ (sūryānuyāyinau) - followers of the Sun

• तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Subhrāja and Bhāskara) (those two (masculine))

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun god

• कार्त्तिकेयाय (kārttikeyāya) - to Kārttikeya

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave, he bestowed

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious, mighty, powerful

Words meanings and morphology

सुभ्राजौ (subhrājau) - Subhrāja (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of subhrāja

subhrāja - Subhrāja (proper name)

From su-√bhrāj (to shine beautifully). Used here in dual to refer to the individual named Subhrāja as one of the pair.

Prefix: su

Root: bhrāj (class 1)

Note: This nominative dual form (`subhrājau`) along with `bhāskaraḥ` (nominative singular) are identified as the `yau tau` (nominative dual) 'who were followers of the Sun'.

भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - Bhāskara (proper name of an attendant) (Bhāskara (proper name), sun, producer of light)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, producer of light; Bhāskara (proper name)

From bhās (light) + kara (maker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, brilliance
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhā (to shine).
  Root: bhā (class 2)
• kara – maker, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This nominative singular form (`bhāskaraḥ`) along with `subhrājau` (nominative dual) are identified as the `yau tau` (nominative dual) 'who were followers of the Sun'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding statement (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यौ (yau) - those two who (who (dual masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

masculine nominative dual

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the two attendants.

तौ (tau) - those two (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

masculine nominative dual

Note: Refers to Subhrāja and Bhāskara.

सूर्यानुयायिनौ (sūryānuyāyinau) - followers of the Sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sūryānuyāyin

sūryānuyāyin - follower of the Sun

agent noun

From sūrya + anu-√yā (to follow).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+anuyāyin)

• sūrya – sun, Sun god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• anuyāyin – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from anu-√yā (to follow).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with yau tau and the names.

तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Subhrāja and Bhāskara) (those two (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

masculine accusative dual

Note: The `tau` here is the direct object of `dadau`.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun god

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, Sun god

Root: sū (class 2)

कार्त्तिकेयाय (kārttikeyāya) - to Kārttikeya

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kārttikeya

kārttikeya - Kārttikeya (name of the son of Shiva, also known as Skanda or Murugan)

Derived from Kṛttikā (Pleiades), as he was nursed by them.

ददौ (dadau) - he gave, he bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

root dā, perfect active (lit)

Root: dā (class 3)

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied

Past Passive Participle

From √prī (to please, delight).

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Sūryaḥ.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious, mighty, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - glorious, mighty, powerful, valorous

Possessive suffix -vat.

Derived from pratāpa (majesty, glory).

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Sūryaḥ.