मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-21, verse-99
पुत्रेण नातिशयितो यः प्रज्ञादानविक्रमैः ।
धिग्जन्म तस्य यः पित्रा लोके विज्ञायते नरः ॥९९॥
धिग्जन्म तस्य यः पित्रा लोके विज्ञायते नरः ॥९९॥
99. putreṇa nātiśayito yaḥ prajñādānavikramaiḥ .
dhigjanma tasya yaḥ pitrā loke vijñāyate naraḥ.
dhigjanma tasya yaḥ pitrā loke vijñāyate naraḥ.
99.
putreṇa na atiśayitaḥ yaḥ prajñādānavikramaiḥ
dhik janma tasya yaḥ pitrā loke vijñāyate naraḥ
dhik janma tasya yaḥ pitrā loke vijñāyate naraḥ
99.
Cursed is the birth of that father who is not surpassed by his son in wisdom, generosity, and prowess. And despicable is the birth of that man who is known in the world only by his father (rather than his own achievements).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by a son
- न (na) - not, no
- अतिशयितः (atiśayitaḥ) - surpassed, excelled
- यः (yaḥ) - Refers to the father. (who, which)
- प्रज्ञादानविक्रमैः (prajñādānavikramaiḥ) - by wisdom, generosity, and prowess
- धिक् (dhik) - fie, woe, shame on
- जन्म (janma) - birth, origin
- तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the father who is not surpassed by his son. (his, of that)
- यः (yaḥ) - Refers to a man (naraḥ). (who, which)
- पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father
- लोके (loke) - in the world, among people
- विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is recognized
- नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person
Words meanings and morphology
पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by a son
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son, child
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अतिशयितः (atiśayitaḥ) - surpassed, excelled
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atiśayita
atiśayita - surpassed, excelled, prominent
Past Passive Participle
from ati-śī (to surpass) + -ta suffix
Prefix: ati
Root: śī (class 2)
Note: Modifies yaḥ.
यः (yaḥ) - Refers to the father. (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
प्रज्ञादानविक्रमैः (prajñādānavikramaiḥ) - by wisdom, generosity, and prowess
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of prajñādānavikrama
prajñādānavikrama - wisdom, generosity, and prowess
Dvanda compound of prajñā, dāna, and vikrama
Compound type : dvandva (prajñā+dāna+vikrama)
- prajñā – wisdom, insight, intelligence
noun (feminine)
from pra-√jñā (to know)
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 9) - dāna – gift, generosity, giving
noun (neuter)
from √dā (to give)
Root: dā (class 3) - vikrama – prowess, valor, courage
noun (masculine)
from vi-√kram (to step, stride)
Prefix: vi
Root: kram (class 1)
धिक् (dhik) - fie, woe, shame on
(indeclinable)
Note: Usually takes the accusative.
जन्म (janma) - birth, origin
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, origin, existence
from √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of dhik.
तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the father who is not surpassed by his son. (his, of that)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
यः (yaḥ) - Refers to a man (naraḥ). (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
Note: Agent of vijñāyate.
लोके (loke) - in the world, among people
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of loka
loka - world, people, universe
विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is recognized
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vijñā
Present Tense
Verb, vi- + √jñā (to know), passive voice, 9th conjugation
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, male
Note: Subject of vijñāyate.