मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-99
अशक्नुवंस्तु शुश्रूषां शूद्रः कर्तुं द्विजन्मनाम ।
पुत्रदारात्ययं प्राप्तो जीवेत कारुककर्मभिः ॥९९॥
पुत्रदारात्ययं प्राप्तो जीवेत कारुककर्मभिः ॥९९॥
99. aśaknuvaṁstu śuśrūṣāṁ śūdraḥ kartuṁ dvijanmanām ,
putradārātyayaṁ prāpto jīvet kārukakarmabhiḥ.
putradārātyayaṁ prāpto jīvet kārukakarmabhiḥ.
99.
aśaknuvan tu śuśrūṣām śūdraḥ kartum dvijanmanām
putradārātyayam prāptaḥ jīveta kārukakarmabhiḥ
putradārātyayam prāptaḥ jīveta kārukakarmabhiḥ
99.
śūdraḥ dvijanmanām śuśrūṣām kartum aśaknuvan tu
putradārātyayam prāptaḥ kārukakarmabhiḥ jīveta
putradārātyayam prāptaḥ kārukakarmabhiḥ jīveta
99.
But a śūdra, unable to render service to the twice-born, and facing dire emergency concerning his children and wife, may subsist by artisan's work.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (to perform service) (being unable, not capable)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)
- शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service (service, desire to hear, obedience)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (a śūdra (member of the fourth social class))
- कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)
- द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas))
- पुत्रदारात्ययम् (putradārātyayam) - dire emergency concerning his children and wife (extreme distress concerning children and wife)
- प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having faced / experiencing (obtained, reached, experienced, having met with)
- जीवेत (jīveta) - he may subsist (he may live, he may subsist)
- कारुककर्मभिः (kārukakarmabhiḥ) - by artisan's work (by the actions of an artisan, by manual crafts)
Words meanings and morphology
अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - being unable (to perform service) (being unable, not capable)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat
aśaknuvat - being unable
Present Active Participle
From na (negation) + root śak (to be able) + u (from class 5) + śatṛ suffix
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+śaknuvat)
- na – not, no
indeclinable - śaknuvat – being able, capable
participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root śak (class 5) + śatṛ suffix
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: Modifies the subject 'śūdraḥ'.
तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service (service, desire to hear, obedience)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śuśrūṣā
śuśrūṣā - service, desire to hear, obedience
From desiderative stem of root śru (to hear) + ā suffix
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Object of kartum.
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (a śūdra (member of the fourth social class))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class
Note: Subject of the sentence.
कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)
(verb)
active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ
Infinitive
Infinitive form of root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas))
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijanman
dvijanman - twice-born, a member of the three higher social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya)
Compound of dvi (two) and janman (birth)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+janman)
- dvi – two
numeral - janman – birth, origin, life
noun (neuter)
From root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Expresses to whom the service is rendered.
पुत्रदारात्ययम् (putradārātyayam) - dire emergency concerning his children and wife (extreme distress concerning children and wife)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of putradārātyaya
putradārātyaya - extreme distress or calamity regarding children and wife
Compound of putra (son/child), dāra (wife), and atyaya (calamity, emergency, distress)
Compound type : dvandva (putra+dāra+atyaya)
- putra – son, child
noun (masculine) - dāra – wife
noun (masculine) - atyaya – calamity, distress, emergency, going beyond
noun (masculine)
From ati (over, beyond) + root i (to go)
Prefix: ati
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Object of prāptaḥ.
प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having faced / experiencing (obtained, reached, experienced, having met with)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta
prāpta - obtained, reached, gained
Past Passive Participle
From prefix pra + root āp (to obtain, reach) + kta suffix
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Adjectival use, modifying 'śūdraḥ'.
जीवेत (jīveta) - he may subsist (he may live, he may subsist)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv
Optative mood
From root jīv (to live) + optative ending
Root: jīv (class 1)
कारुककर्मभिः (kārukakarmabhiḥ) - by artisan's work (by the actions of an artisan, by manual crafts)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of kārukakarma
kārukakarma - artisan's work, manual craft
Compound of kāruka (artisan, craftsman) and karma (work, action)
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāruka+karma)
- kāruka – artisan, craftsman
noun (masculine)
From root kṛ (to do) with suffixes
Root: kṛ (class 8) - karma – action, work, deed, ritual action
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do) + man suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Indicates the means of livelihood.