मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-63
अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन मनुः ॥६३॥
एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन मनुः ॥६३॥
63. ahiṁsā satyamasteyaṁ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ ,
etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīn manuḥ.
etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīn manuḥ.
63.
ahiṃsā satyam asteyam śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ
etam sāmāsikam dharmam cāturvarṇye abravīt manuḥ
etam sāmāsikam dharmam cāturvarṇye abravīt manuḥ
63.
ahiṃsā satyam asteyam śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ
manuḥ etam sāmāsikam dharmam cāturvarṇye abravīt
manuḥ etam sāmāsikam dharmam cāturvarṇye abravīt
63.
Non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, purity, and control of the senses – Manu declared this to be the summary of natural law (dharma) for the four social orders.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury
- सत्यम् (satyam) - truthfulness, truth
- अस्तेयम् (asteyam) - non-stealing, honesty
- शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness
- इन्द्रियनिग्रहः (indriyanigrahaḥ) - control of the senses
- एतम् (etam) - this (accusative masculine)
- सामासिकम् (sāmāsikam) - summary, concise, collective
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
- चातुर्वर्ण्ये (cāturvarṇye) - in the four social orders/classes
- अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, declared
- मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver)
Words meanings and morphology
अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā
ahiṁsā - non-violence, harmlessness, non-injury
From 'a' (negation) + 'hiṃsā' (violence).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
noun (feminine)
From root √hiṃs (to injure, harm).
Root: √hiṃs (class 7)
सत्यम् (satyam) - truthfulness, truth
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of satya
satya - truth, true, reality, sincerity
From root √as (to be) + ya suffix.
Root: √as (class 2)
अस्तेयम् (asteyam) - non-stealing, honesty
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of asteya
asteya - non-stealing, honesty
From 'a' (negation) + 'steya' (stealing).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+steya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - steya – stealing, theft
noun (neuter)
From root √stī (to steal).
Root: √stī (class 1)
शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śauca
śauca - purity, cleanliness (physical and mental), ritual purity
From śuci (pure) + aṇ (suffix).
इन्द्रियनिग्रहः (indriyanigrahaḥ) - control of the senses
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of indriyanigraha
indriyanigraha - restraint/control of the senses
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indriya+nigraha)
- indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
noun (neuter) - nigraha – restraint, control, suppression
noun (masculine)
From root √grah (to seize, take) with prefix ni.
Prefix: ni
Root: √grah (class 9)
एतम् (etam) - this (accusative masculine)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of etad
etad - this, this one
Note: Demonstrative pronoun, modifying 'dharmam'.
सामासिकम् (sāmāsikam) - summary, concise, collective
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sāmāsika
sāmāsika - summary, concise, collective, compound
From 'samāsa' (compound, summary) + 'ika' (suffix).
Note: Adjective modifying 'dharmam'.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support) + man suffix.
Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'.
चातुर्वर्ण्ये (cāturvarṇye) - in the four social orders/classes
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya
cāturvarṇya - the system of four social orders (varṇas), related to the four classes
From 'catur' (four) + 'varṇa' (color, social order) + 'ya' (suffix).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varṇa)
- catur – four
numeral - varṇa – color, class, social order, sound
noun (masculine)
Note: Locative singular, indicating the scope or context.
अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, declared
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū
Imperfect Active 3rd Person Singular
Augment 'a' + root 'brū' (2nd class) + 'īt' (imperfect suffix).
Root: √brū (class 2)
मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of manu
manu - Manu (a progenitor of mankind, legendary lawgiver)
Note: Subject of the verb 'abravīt'.