मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-108
क्षुधार्तश्चात्तुमभ्यागाद विश्वामित्रः श्वजाघनीम ।
चण्डालहस्तादादाय धर्माधर्मविचक्षणः ॥१०८॥
चण्डालहस्तादादाय धर्माधर्मविचक्षणः ॥१०८॥
108. kṣudhārtaścāttumabhyāgād viśvāmitraḥ śvajāghanīm ,
caṇḍālahastādādāya dharmādharmavicakṣaṇaḥ.
caṇḍālahastādādāya dharmādharmavicakṣaṇaḥ.
108.
kṣudhārtaḥ ca attum abhyāgāt viśvāmitraḥ śvajāghanīm
caṇḍālahastāt ādāya dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇaḥ
caṇḍālahastāt ādāya dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇaḥ
108.
kṣudhārtaḥ ca dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇaḥ viśvāmitraḥ
caṇḍālahastāt śvajāghanīm ādāya attum abhyāgāt
caṇḍālahastāt śvajāghanīm ādāya attum abhyāgāt
108.
The sage Vishvamitra, distressed by hunger and discerning between right and wrong (dharma and adharma), came to eat a dog's thigh, taking it from the hand of a caṇḍāla.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger, hungry
- च (ca) - and
- अत्तुम् (attum) - to eat, to consume
- अभ्यागात् (abhyāgāt) - came to eat (came near, approached)
- विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra)
- श्वजाघनीम् (śvajāghanīm) - dog's thigh (meat)
- चण्डालहस्तात् (caṇḍālahastāt) - from the hand of a caṇḍāla (outcaste)
- आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking
- धर्माधर्म-विचक्षणः (dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇaḥ) - expert in distinguishing right and wrong, discerning in moral and immoral actions
Words meanings and morphology
क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger, hungry
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhārta
kṣudhārta - distressed by hunger, hungry
Compound of `kṣudhā` (hunger) and `ārta` (distressed).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+ārta)
- kṣudhā – hunger
noun (feminine) - ārta – distressed, afflicted
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root `ṛ` (go) or `ard` (pain) with `kta` suffix
Root: ṛ / ard (class 1)
Note: Describes Vishvamitra.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अत्तुम् (attum) - to eat, to consume
(indeclinable)
infinitive
infinitive form from root `ad`
Root: ad (class 2)
अभ्यागात् (abhyāgāt) - came to eat (came near, approached)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of gam
Imperfect tense, third person singular
From root `gam` (to go) with prefixes `abhi` and `ā`.
Prefixes: abhi+ā
Root: gam (class 1)
विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra
viśvāmitra - Name of a famous Vedic sage, one of the seven ṛṣis, a Kṣatriya who became a Brahmin through severe austerities.
Compound of `viśva` (all, universe) + `mitra` (friend).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśva+mitra)
- viśva – all, universal
adjective (masculine) - mitra – friend
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
श्वजाघनीम् (śvajāghanīm) - dog's thigh (meat)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śvajāghanī
śvajāghanī - thigh of a dog, dog's haunch
Compound of `śva` (dog) + `jāghanī` (thigh).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+jāghanī)
- śvan – dog
noun (masculine) - jāghanī – thigh, haunch
noun (feminine)
Note: Object of `attum`.
चण्डालहस्तात् (caṇḍālahastāt) - from the hand of a caṇḍāla (outcaste)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of caṇḍālahasta
caṇḍālahasta - hand of an outcaste
Compound of `caṇḍāla` (outcaste) + `hasta` (hand).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (caṇḍāla+hasta)
- caṇḍāla – an outcaste, untouchable
noun (masculine) - hasta – hand
noun (masculine)
Note: Source from which the action of taking originates.
आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
From root `dā` (to give, take) with prefix `ā` and `lyap` suffix (absolutive).
Prefix: ā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Connects the action of taking to the main verb `abhyāgāt`.
धर्माधर्म-विचक्षणः (dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇaḥ) - expert in distinguishing right and wrong, discerning in moral and immoral actions
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇa
dharmādharma-vicakṣaṇa - discerning between right and wrong, expert in dharma and adharma
Combines `dharma`, `adharma` (its opposite), and `vicakṣaṇa` (discerning).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+adharma+vicakṣaṇa)
- dharma – right conduct, duty, moral law, essential nature
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - adharma – unrighteousness, wrong conduct, immorality
noun (masculine) - vicakṣaṇa – discerning, expert, intelligent
adjective (masculine)
From root `cakṣ` with prefix `vi` and suffix `ana`.
Prefix: vi
Root: cakṣ (class 2)
Note: Describes Vishvamitra.