मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-101
वैश्यवृत्तिमनातिष्ठन ब्राह्मणः स्वे पथि स्थितः ।
अवृत्तिकर्षितः सीदन्निमं धर्मं समाचरेत ॥१०१॥
अवृत्तिकर्षितः सीदन्निमं धर्मं समाचरेत ॥१०१॥
101. vaiśyavṛttimanātiṣṭhan brāhmaṇaḥ sve pathi sthitaḥ ,
avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdannimaṁ dharmaṁ samācaret.
avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdannimaṁ dharmaṁ samācaret.
101.
vaiśyavṛttim anātiṣṭhan brāhmaṇaḥ sve pathi
sthitaḥ avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdan imam dharmam samācaret
sthitaḥ avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdan imam dharmam samācaret
101.
brāhmaṇaḥ vaiśyavṛttim anātiṣṭhan sve pathi
sthitaḥ avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdan imam dharmam samācaret
sthitaḥ avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdan imam dharmam samācaret
101.
A Brāhmin, even if not adopting the livelihood of a Vaiśya but remaining steadfast on his own path, should, if distressed by lack of livelihood and greatly suffering, follow this (emergency) code of conduct (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वैश्यवृत्तिम् (vaiśyavṛttim) - the livelihood of a Vaiśya (the livelihood/occupation of a Vaiśya)
- अनातिष्ठन् (anātiṣṭhan) - not adopting (not adopting, not following, not resorting to)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmin (a Brāhmin, a member of the priestly class)
- स्वे (sve) - in his own (in his own, in one's own)
- पथि (pathi) - on his path (of duties) (in the path, in the way)
- स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remaining steadfast (standing, abiding, situated, firm)
- अवृत्तिकर्षितः (avṛttikarṣitaḥ) - distressed by lack of livelihood
- सीदन् (sīdan) - greatly suffering (being distressed, sinking, perishing)
- इमम् (imam) - this (emergency) (this (masculine/neuter))
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - this (emergency) code of conduct (dharma) (duty, law, righteousness, essential nature)
- समाचरेत् (samācaret) - he should follow (he should practice, he should perform, he should observe)
Words meanings and morphology
वैश्यवृत्तिम् (vaiśyavṛttim) - the livelihood of a Vaiśya (the livelihood/occupation of a Vaiśya)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vaiśyavṛtti
vaiśyavṛtti - livelihood of a vaiśya
Compound of vaiśya (vaiśya) and vṛtti (livelihood)
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vaiśya+vṛtti)
- vaiśya – a man of the third class
noun (masculine) - vṛtti – livelihood, profession
noun (feminine)
From root vṛt (to exist, to be)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Object of anātiṣṭhan.
अनातिष्ठन् (anātiṣṭhan) - not adopting (not adopting, not following, not resorting to)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anātiṣṭhat
anātiṣṭhat - not resorting to, not adopting
Present Active Participle
From na (negation) + prefix ā + root sthā (to stand, to remain, to adopt) + śatṛ suffix
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ātiṣṭhat)
- na – not, no
indeclinable - ātiṣṭhat – adopting, following, resorting to
participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From upasarga ā + root sthā + śatṛ suffix
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Modifies brāhmaṇaḥ.
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brāhmin (a Brāhmin, a member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brāhmin, related to brahman
From brahman + aṇ suffix
स्वे (sve) - in his own (in his own, in one's own)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sva
sva - own, self
Note: Agrees with pathi.
पथि (pathi) - on his path (of duties) (in the path, in the way)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pathin
pathin - path, way, road, course of conduct
Note: Refers to the prescribed way of life for a Brāhmin.
स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remaining steadfast (standing, abiding, situated, firm)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita
sthita - standing, situated, abiding, firm
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Adjectival use with active sense.
अवृत्तिकर्षितः (avṛttikarṣitaḥ) - distressed by lack of livelihood
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avṛttikarṣita
avṛttikarṣita - distressed by absence of livelihood
Compound of a (negation), vṛtti (livelihood), and karṣita (distressed, drawn)
Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (avṛtti+karṣita)
- avṛtti – lack of livelihood, absence of profession
noun (feminine)
Compound of a (negation) + vṛtti (livelihood) - karṣita – distressed, drawn, dragged
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛṣ (to drag, draw, distress) + kta suffix
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Modifies brāhmaṇaḥ.
सीदन् (sīdan) - greatly suffering (being distressed, sinking, perishing)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sīdat
sīdat - sinking, perishing, being distressed
Present Active Participle
From root sad (to sink, to sit, to despair) + śatṛ suffix (Root class 1, sīdati)
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: Conveys a state of severe suffering or depression.
इमम् (imam) - this (emergency) (this (masculine/neuter))
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Points to the dharma mentioned or implied by the preceding verses.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - this (emergency) code of conduct (dharma) (duty, law, righteousness, essential nature)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, constitution, essential nature
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the 'emergency dharma' or 'āpaddharma' which allows for taking up lower occupations in distress.
समाचरेत् (samācaret) - he should follow (he should practice, he should perform, he should observe)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samācar
Optative mood
From prefixes sam + ā + root car (to move, to act) + optative ending
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: car (class 1)