मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-83
वैश्यवृत्त्याऽपि जीवंस्तु ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियोऽपि वा ।
हिंसाप्रायां पराधीनां कृषिं यत्नेन वर्जयेत ॥८३॥
हिंसाप्रायां पराधीनां कृषिं यत्नेन वर्जयेत ॥८३॥
83. vaiśyavṛttyā'pi jīvaṁstu brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo'pi vā ,
hiṁsāprāyāṁ parādhīnāṁ kṛṣiṁ yatnena varjayet.
hiṁsāprāyāṁ parādhīnāṁ kṛṣiṁ yatnena varjayet.
83.
vaiśya-vṛttyā api jīvan tu brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaḥ api
vā hiṃsā-prāyām parādhīnām kṛṣim yatnena varjayet
vā hiṃsā-prāyām parādhīnām kṛṣim yatnena varjayet
83.
tu brāhmaṇaḥ vā api kṣatriyaḥ vaiśya-vṛttyā api
jīvan yatnena hiṃsā-prāyām parādhīnām kṛṣim varjayet
jīvan yatnena hiṃsā-prāyām parādhīnām kṛṣim varjayet
83.
But if a brāhmaṇa or even a kṣatriya lives by the livelihood of a vaiśya, they should carefully avoid agriculture, which mostly involves violence and is dependent on others.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वैश्य-वृत्त्या (vaiśya-vṛttyā) - by the livelihood of a vaiśya, by the profession of a vaiśya
- अपि (api) - even, also
- जीवन् (jīvan) - living, subsisting
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, then
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class)
- अपि (api) - even, also
- वा (vā) - or
- हिंसा-प्रायाम् (hiṁsā-prāyām) - mostly involving violence, prone to violence
- पराधीनाम् (parādhīnām) - dependent on others
- कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, cultivation
- यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort, carefully
- वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid, should shun
Words meanings and morphology
वैश्य-वृत्त्या (vaiśya-vṛttyā) - by the livelihood of a vaiśya, by the profession of a vaiśya
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vaiśya-vṛtti
vaiśya-vṛtti - livelihood of a vaiśya
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaiśya+vṛtti)
- vaiśya – a member of the third social class (trader, farmer)
noun (masculine) - vṛtti – livelihood, profession, occupation
noun (feminine)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
जीवन् (jīvan) - living, subsisting
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat
jīvat - living, subsisting
Present Active Participle
Derived from √jīv (to live).
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Modifies brāhmaṇaḥ/kṣatriyaḥ.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, then
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class
Derived from 'brahman'.
Note: Subject of the sentence.
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior or ruling class
Derived from 'kṣatra' (power, rule).
Note: Co-subject.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
हिंसा-प्रायाम् (hiṁsā-prāyām) - mostly involving violence, prone to violence
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā-prāya
hiṁsā-prāya - mostly involving violence, abundant in violence
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hiṃsā+prāya)
- hiṃsā – violence, injury
noun (feminine)
Root: hiṃs (class 7) - prāya – mostly, abundant in, frequent
adjective (masculine)
Note: Qualifies 'kṛṣim'.
पराधीनाम् (parādhīnām) - dependent on others
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of parādhīna
parādhīna - dependent on others, subordinate
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+adhīna)
- para – other, another
pronoun (masculine) - adhīna – dependent, subordinate, subject to
adjective (masculine)
Derived from 'adhi' + 'īna' (from root 'i', to go).
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'kṛṣim'.
कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, cultivation
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi
kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'varjayet'.
यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort, carefully
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna
yatna - effort, exertion, carefulness
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: Adverbial usage.
वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - should avoid, should shun
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛj
Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Causative stem varj- derived from √vṛj.
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Implying 'he/she/one'.