मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-43
शनकैस्तु क्रियालोपादिमाः क्षत्रियजातयः ।
वृषलत्वं गता लोके ब्राह्मणादर्शनेन च ॥४३॥
वृषलत्वं गता लोके ब्राह्मणादर्शनेन च ॥४३॥
43. śanakaistu kriyālopādimāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ ,
vṛṣalatvaṁ gatā loke brāhmaṇādarśanena ca.
vṛṣalatvaṁ gatā loke brāhmaṇādarśanena ca.
43.
śanakaiḥ tu kriyālopa āt imāḥ kṣatriya jātayaḥ
vṛṣalatvam gatāḥ loke brāhmaṇa adarśanena ca
vṛṣalatvam gatāḥ loke brāhmaṇa adarśanena ca
43.
tu śanakaiḥ kriyālopāt brāhmaṇa adarśanena ca
imāḥ kṣatriya jātayaḥ loke vṛṣalatvam gatāḥ
imāḥ kṣatriya jātayaḥ loke vṛṣalatvam gatāḥ
43.
But gradually, due to the neglect of their rituals and the absence of Brahmins, these warrior (kṣatriya) communities in the world fell to the status of śūdras (vṛṣala).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शनकैः (śanakaiḥ) - gradually, slowly, gently
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- क्रियालोप (kriyālopa) - loss of rites, neglect of duties/rituals
- इमाः (imāḥ) - these
- क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya) - warrior, of the kṣatriya class
- जातयः (jātayaḥ) - castes, communities, groups
- वृषलत्वम् (vṛṣalatvam) - the state of a śūdra, degradation to a lower status
- गताः (gatāḥ) - attained, gone to, reached
- लोके (loke) - in the world, among people
- ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - of Brahmins, priestly class
- अदर्शनेन (adarśanena) - by non-seeing, by absence, due to lack of visibility
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
शनकैः (śanakaiḥ) - gradually, slowly, gently
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial instrumental, often treated as an indeclinable.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
क्रियालोप (kriyālopa) - loss of rites, neglect of duties/rituals
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kriyālopa
kriyālopa - loss of action or ritual, neglect of duties
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kriyā+lopa)
- kriyā – action, rite, ritual, duty
noun (feminine)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - lopa – loss, neglect, disappearance, omission
noun (masculine)
Root: lup (class 6)
Note: Original form 'kriyālopāt' (ablative singular), sandhi undone 'kriyālopa āt'.
इमाः (imāḥ) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya) - warrior, of the kṣatriya class
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya class, regal
Note: Used as the first part of the compound 'kṣatriyajātayaḥ'.
जातयः (jātayaḥ) - castes, communities, groups
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of jāti
jāti - birth, lineage, caste, community, genus
Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṣatriya+jāti)
- kṣatriya – warrior, member of the kṣatriya class, regal
noun (masculine) - jāti – birth, lineage, caste, community, genus
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4)
वृषलत्वम् (vṛṣalatvam) - the state of a śūdra, degradation to a lower status
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛṣalatva
vṛṣalatva - the state of being a śūdra, degradation, servility
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣala+tva)
- vṛṣala – a śūdra, one who acts like a śūdra, low-caste person
noun (masculine) - tva – suffix forming abstract nouns, 'state of being', 'nature'
indeclinable
गताः (gatāḥ) - attained, gone to, reached
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of gata
gata - gone, arrived, attained, reached
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'gam' (to go).
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'jātayaḥ'.
लोके (loke) - in the world, among people
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of loka
loka - world, people, realm, space
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - of Brahmins, priestly class
(noun)
masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to the priestly class, sacred
Note: Used as the first part of the compound 'brāhmaṇādarśanena'.
अदर्शनेन (adarśanena) - by non-seeing, by absence, due to lack of visibility
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of adarśana
adarśana - non-seeing, disappearance, absence, invisibility
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+adarśana)
- brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, belonging to the priestly class, sacred
noun (masculine) - adarśana – non-seeing, disappearance, absence, invisibility
noun (neuter)
Prefix: a
Root: dṛś (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)