मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-68
तावुभावप्यसंस्कार्याविति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः ।
वैगुण्याज जन्मनः पूर्व उत्तरः प्रतिलोमतः ॥६८॥
वैगुण्याज जन्मनः पूर्व उत्तरः प्रतिलोमतः ॥६८॥
68. tāvubhāvapyasaṁskāryāviti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ ,
vaiguṇyāj janmanaḥ pūrva uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ.
vaiguṇyāj janmanaḥ pūrva uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ.
68.
tau ubhau api asaṃskāryau iti dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ
vaiguṇyāt janmanaḥ pūrvaḥ uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ
vaiguṇyāt janmanaḥ pūrvaḥ uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ
68.
iti (uktaṃ yat) tau ubhau api asaṃskāryau (bhavataḥ),
(saḥ eva) dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ.
pūrvaḥ (janmanaḥ) vaiguṇyāt (asaṃskāryaḥ),
uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ (asaṃskāryaḥ).
(saḥ eva) dharmaḥ vyavasthitaḥ.
pūrvaḥ (janmanaḥ) vaiguṇyāt (asaṃskāryaḥ),
uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ (asaṃskāryaḥ).
68.
Thus, the (dharma) natural law is established that both of them are unfit for sacred rites (saṃskāras). The former (child) is deemed unfit due to a defect in their birth, and the latter due to mixed parentage (pratilomataḥ), being born against the natural order.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तौ (tau) - Referring to the two types of offspring from the previous verse. (those two, both of them)
- उभौ (ubhau) - both
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- असंस्कार्यौ (asaṁskāryau) - unfit for sacred rites, not to be consecrated, unworthy of initiation
- इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteous conduct, duty
- व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established, arranged, fixed, ordained
- वैगुण्यात् (vaiguṇyāt) - due to defect, imperfection, lack of qualities
- जन्मनः (janmanaḥ) - of birth, from birth
- पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - Refers to the child born from a brahmin father and a non-noble mother. (the former, preceding)
- उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Refers to the child born from a non-noble father and a brahmin mother. (the latter, subsequent, higher, north)
- प्रतिलोमतः (pratilomataḥ) - Specifically referring to mixed parentage where the father is of lower social standing than the mother (hypergamy in reverse). (against the grain, against the natural order, by inverse order, from mixed parentage)
Words meanings and morphology
तौ (tau) - Referring to the two types of offspring from the previous verse. (those two, both of them)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
उभौ (ubhau) - both
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha
ubha - both
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
असंस्कार्यौ (asaṁskāryau) - unfit for sacred rites, not to be consecrated, unworthy of initiation
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of asaṃskārya
asaṁskārya - unfit for sacred rites, not to be consecrated
Gerundive (kṛtya) + negative prefix
From root kṛ (to do) with prefix sam-, forming saṃskāra, then saṃskārya (fit for saṃskāra), then negated.
Prefixes: a+sam
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the two persons.
इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote
(indeclinable)
particle
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteous conduct, duty
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, righteous conduct, duty, intrinsic nature
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established, arranged, fixed, ordained
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita
vyavasthita - established, arranged, fixed, ordained
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi- and ava-.
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: sthā (class 1)
वैगुण्यात् (vaiguṇyāt) - due to defect, imperfection, lack of qualities
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of vaiguṇya
vaiguṇya - defect, imperfection, fault, lack of qualities
Derived from 'viguṇa' (devoid of good qualities).
Note: Expresses cause.
जन्मनः (janmanaḥ) - of birth, from birth
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, origin, life
From root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - Refers to the child born from a brahmin father and a non-noble mother. (the former, preceding)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, prior, preceding, east
उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Refers to the child born from a non-noble father and a brahmin mother. (the latter, subsequent, higher, north)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara
uttara - latter, subsequent, higher, north, answer
From root tṛ (to cross) with prefix ud-.
Prefix: ud
Root: tṛ (class 1)
प्रतिलोमतः (pratilomataḥ) - Specifically referring to mixed parentage where the father is of lower social standing than the mother (hypergamy in reverse). (against the grain, against the natural order, by inverse order, from mixed parentage)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'prati' (against) and 'loman' (hair), literally 'against the hair'. Used with -tas suffix to denote manner/cause.
Compound type : Avyayībhāva (prati+loman)
- prati – against, towards, for
indeclinable
prefix - loman – hair
noun (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially.