मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-121
शूद्रस्तु वृत्तिमाकाङ्क्षन क्षत्रमाराधयेद यदि ।
धनिनं वाऽप्युपाराध्य वैश्यं शूद्रो जिजीविषेत ॥१२१॥
धनिनं वाऽप्युपाराध्य वैश्यं शूद्रो जिजीविषेत ॥१२१॥
121. śūdrastu vṛttimākāṅkṣan kṣatramārādhayed yadi ,
dhaninaṁ vā'pyupārādhya vaiśyaṁ śūdro jijīviṣet.
dhaninaṁ vā'pyupārādhya vaiśyaṁ śūdro jijīviṣet.
121.
śūdraḥ tu vṛttim ākāṅkṣan kṣatram ārādhayet yadi
dhaninam vā api upārādhya vaiśyam śūdraḥ jijīviṣeta
dhaninam vā api upārādhya vaiśyam śūdraḥ jijīviṣeta
121.
yadi śūdraḥ tu vṛttim ākāṅkṣan jijīviṣeta,
(saḥ) kṣatram ārādhayet,
vā api dhaninam vaiśyam upārādhya (jijīviṣeta)
(saḥ) kṣatram ārādhayet,
vā api dhaninam vaiśyam upārādhya (jijīviṣeta)
121.
However, if a Śūdra, desiring a livelihood, wishes to subsist, he should serve a kṣatriya, or alternatively, having pleased a wealthy Vaiśya.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of subsistence (livelihood, subsistence, course of conduct)
- आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - desiring, wishing for
- क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - a member of the kṣatriya (ruling) class (kṣatriya, warrior class, rule, power)
- आराधयेत् (ārādhayet) - should serve (a superior) (should serve, should worship, should propitiate)
- यदि (yadi) - if, in case
- धनिनम् (dhaninam) - a wealthy man, rich person
- वा (vā) - or, either
- अपि (api) - even, also
- उपाराध्य (upārādhya) - having served, having pleased, having propitiated
- वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a Vaiśya
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra
- जिजीविषेत (jijīviṣeta) - should desire to live, should wish to subsist
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth (laborer) social class
Note: Subject of the first clause.
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
Particle
Note: Indicates a contrast or continuation.
वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - means of subsistence (livelihood, subsistence, course of conduct)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti
vṛtti - livelihood, subsistence, course, activity, profession
From root √vṛt (to be, exist)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - desiring, wishing for
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāṅkṣat
ākāṅkṣat - desiring, wishing for
Present Active Participle (Parasmaipada)
From root √kāṅkṣ (to desire) with prefix ā- (towards)
Prefix: ā
Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies "śūdraḥ".
क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - a member of the kṣatriya (ruling) class (kṣatriya, warrior class, rule, power)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣatra
kṣatra - rule, power, dominion, warrior class, a kṣatriya
From root √kṣi (to rule)
Root: kṣi (class 5)
Note: Object of "ārādhayet".
आराधयेत् (ārādhayet) - should serve (a superior) (should serve, should worship, should propitiate)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ārādh
optative mood
Root √rādh (to succeed, serve) with prefix ā- (towards)
Prefix: ā
Root: rādh (class 4)
Note: Main verb of the first conditional clause.
यदि (yadi) - if, in case
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
धनिनम् (dhaninam) - a wealthy man, rich person
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanin
dhanin - wealthy, rich, possessing wealth, a wealthy man
From dhana (wealth) with suffix -in
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
Note: Connects alternatives.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
उपाराध्य (upārādhya) - having served, having pleased, having propitiated
(indeclinable)
Absolutive/Gerund (prefix)
From root √rādh (to succeed, serve) with prefixes upa- and ā-
Prefixes: upa+ā
Root: rādh (class 4)
वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a Vaiśya
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third (merchant/farmer) social class
From viś (people, settlement)
Note: Object of "upārādhya".
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth (laborer) social class
जिजीविषेत (jijīviṣeta) - should desire to live, should wish to subsist
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jijīviṣ
desiderative optative mood
Desiderative stem from root √jīv (to live)
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the second clause.