मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-28
यथा त्रयाणां वर्णानां द्वयोरात्माऽस्य जायते ।
आनन्तर्यात स्वयोन्यां तु तथा बाह्येष्वपि क्रमात ॥२८॥
आनन्तर्यात स्वयोन्यां तु तथा बाह्येष्वपि क्रमात ॥२८॥
28. yathā trayāṇāṁ varṇānāṁ dvayorātmā'sya jāyate ,
ānantaryāt svayonyāṁ tu tathā bāhyeṣvapi kramāt.
ānantaryāt svayonyāṁ tu tathā bāhyeṣvapi kramāt.
28.
yathā trayāṇām varṇānām dvayoḥ ātmā asya jāyate
ānantaryāt svayonyām tu tathā bāhyeṣu api kramāt
ānantaryāt svayonyām tu tathā bāhyeṣu api kramāt
28.
yathā trayāṇām varṇānām dvayoḥ ātmā asya ānantaryāt
svayonyām jāyate tu tathā bāhyeṣu api kramāt
svayonyām jāyate tu tathā bāhyeṣu api kramāt
28.
Just as among the three classes, an offspring is born from the immediate union of two (different classes), establishing its own particular nature, so also, similarly, even among the external (mixed) castes, this happens in due succession.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)
- त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - of the three (higher) (of three)
- वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the classes (of castes, of classes)
- द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of two (parents/classes) (of two, between two)
- आत्मा (ātmā) - offspring, a new being (self, soul, spirit, essence, nature, progeny)
- अस्य (asya) - of this (union/system) (of this, of him)
- जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises (is born, arises, happens)
- आनन्तर्यात् (ānantaryāt) - from immediate (parentage/proximity) (from immediate succession, from contiguity)
- स्वयोन्याम् (svayonyām) - in its own (specific) class (in one's own womb, in one's own class/origin)
- तु (tu) - so, indeed (but, indeed, however)
- तथा (tathā) - so also, similarly (thus, so, likewise, similarly)
- बाह्येषु (bāhyeṣu) - even among the external (mixed) castes (among outsiders, among external ones)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- क्रमात् (kramāt) - in due succession (successively, in due order, gradually)
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)
(indeclinable)
त्रयाणाम् (trayāṇām) - of the three (higher) (of three)
(numeral)
Note: Refers to the three higher varnas (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya).
वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the classes (of castes, of classes)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, class, caste
Root: vṛ (class 9)
द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of two (parents/classes) (of two, between two)
(numeral)
Note: Refers to parents of two different classes.
आत्मा (ātmā) - offspring, a new being (self, soul, spirit, essence, nature, progeny)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, nature, progeny
अस्य (asya) - of this (union/system) (of this, of him)
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Refers to the resulting mixed caste system or the mixed individual.
जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises (is born, arises, happens)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
Present middle
Root jan (Div. 4) in passive sense.
Root: jan (class 4)
आनन्तर्यात् (ānantaryāt) - from immediate (parentage/proximity) (from immediate succession, from contiguity)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of ānantarya
ānantarya - immediate succession, contiguity, proximity
Derived from anantara (not separated, immediate).
स्वयोन्याम् (svayonyām) - in its own (specific) class (in one's own womb, in one's own class/origin)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of svayoni
svayoni - one's own origin, womb, class
Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+yoni)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun - yoni – womb, origin, source, caste, lineage
noun (feminine)
Note: Refers to the resulting mixed caste having its own distinct classification.
तु (tu) - so, indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
तथा (tathā) - so also, similarly (thus, so, likewise, similarly)
(indeclinable)
बाह्येषु (bāhyeṣu) - even among the external (mixed) castes (among outsiders, among external ones)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of bāhya
bāhya - external, outside, outcast
Note: Used substantively to refer to persons.
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
क्रमात् (kramāt) - in due succession (successively, in due order, gradually)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of krama
krama - step, order, succession, course
Root: kram (class 1)