मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-65
शूद्रो ब्राह्मणतामेति ब्राह्मणश्चैति शूद्रताम ।
क्षत्रियाज जातमेवं तु विद्याद वैश्यात तथैव च ॥६५॥
क्षत्रियाज जातमेवं तु विद्याद वैश्यात तथैव च ॥६५॥
65. śūdro brāhmaṇatāmeti brāhmaṇaścaiti śūdratām ,
kṣatriyāj jātamevaṁ tu vidyād vaiśyāt tathaiva ca.
kṣatriyāj jātamevaṁ tu vidyād vaiśyāt tathaiva ca.
65.
śūdraḥ brāhmaṇatām eti brāhmaṇaḥ ca eti śūdratām
kṣatriyāt jātam evam tu vidyāt vaiśyāt tathaiva ca
kṣatriyāt jātam evam tu vidyāt vaiśyāt tathaiva ca
65.
śūdraḥ brāhmaṇatām eti brāhmaṇaḥ ca śūdratām eti
tu evam kṣatriyāt jātam vaiśyāt tathaiva ca vidyāt
tu evam kṣatriyāt jātam vaiśyāt tathaiva ca vidyāt
65.
A śūdra attains the status (jāti) of a brahmin, and a brahmin similarly attains the status (jāti) of a śūdra. Thus, one should know that the same applies to those born from a kṣatriya, and likewise from a vaiśya.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra
- ब्राह्मणताम् (brāhmaṇatām) - the state of being a brahmin, brahminhood
- एति (eti) - goes, attains
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
- च (ca) - and
- एति (eti) - goes, attains
- शूद्रताम् (śūdratām) - the state of being a śūdra, śūdrahood
- क्षत्रियात् (kṣatriyāt) - from a kṣatriya
- जातम् (jātam) - born (neuter), that which is born
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
- वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a vaiśya
- तथैव (tathaiva) - and similarly, just so
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class
Note: Subject of 'eti'.
ब्राह्मणताम् (brāhmaṇatām) - the state of being a brahmin, brahminhood
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇatā
brāhmaṇatā - brahminhood, the state or quality of being a brahmin
Formed from 'brāhmaṇa' + 'tā' (suffix for abstract feminine nouns).
Note: Object of 'eti'.
एति (eti) - goes, attains
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i
Present Active 3rd Person Singular
Root √i (2nd class, P.) + ti.
Root: √i (class 2)
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class
From 'brahman' (sacred knowledge, ultimate reality) + 'aṇ' (suffix).
Note: Subject of the second 'eti'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
एति (eti) - goes, attains
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i
Present Active 3rd Person Singular
Root √i (2nd class, P.) + ti.
Root: √i (class 2)
शूद्रताम् (śūdratām) - the state of being a śūdra, śūdrahood
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śūdratā
śūdratā - śūdrahood, the state or quality of being a śūdra
Formed from 'śūdra' + 'tā' (suffix for abstract feminine nouns).
Note: Object of 'eti'.
क्षत्रियात् (kṣatriyāt) - from a kṣatriya
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior/ruling class
From 'kṣatra' (rule, dominion) + 'iya' (suffix).
Note: Ablative singular, indicating origin.
जातम् (jātam) - born (neuter), that which is born
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of jāta
jāta - born, produced, become, arisen
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root √jan (to be born) + kta (suffix for PPP).
Root: √jan (class 4)
Note: Used as a substantive noun, object of 'vidyāt'.
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction, often indicating a slight contrast or emphasis.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid
Optative Active 3rd Person Singular
Root √vid (2nd class, P.) + yāt (optative suffix).
Root: √vid (class 2)
वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a vaiśya
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a vaiśya, a member of the merchant/farmer class (third social class)
From 'viś' (people, settlement) + 'ya' (suffix).
Note: Ablative singular, indicating origin.
तथैव (tathaiva) - and similarly, just so
(indeclinable)
Compound of 'tathā' (thus) + 'eva' (indeed).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+eva)
- tathā – thus, so, in that manner
indeclinable - eva – indeed, just, only, exactly
indeclinable
Note: Adverb meaning 'just so' or 'similarly'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.