मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-4
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः ।
चतुर्थ एकजातिस्तु शूद्रो नास्ति तु पञ्चमः ॥४॥
चतुर्थ एकजातिस्तु शूद्रो नास्ति तु पञ्चमः ॥४॥
4. brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyastrayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ ,
caturtha ekajātistu śūdro nāsti tu pañcamaḥ.
caturtha ekajātistu śūdro nāsti tu pañcamaḥ.
4.
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaḥ vaiśyaḥ trayaḥ varṇāḥ dvijātayaḥ
caturthaḥ ekajātiḥ tu śūdraḥ na asti tu pañcamaḥ
caturthaḥ ekajātiḥ tu śūdraḥ na asti tu pañcamaḥ
4.
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaḥ vaiśyaḥ trayaḥ varṇāḥ dvijātayaḥ
caturthaḥ śūdraḥ tu ekajātiḥ pañcamaḥ tu na asti
caturthaḥ śūdraḥ tu ekajātiḥ pañcamaḥ tu na asti
4.
The brahmin, the kshatriya, and the vaishya are the three social classes known as the "twice-born" (dvija). The fourth is the shudra, who is "once-born"; there is no fifth class.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kshatriya (member of the warrior class)
- वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes
- द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born
- चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - the fourth
- एकजातिः (ekajātiḥ) - once-born
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a shudra (member of the laborer class)
- न (na) - not
- अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
- तु (tu) - but, indeed
- पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - a fifth (class) (fifth)
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - brahmin, related to brahman
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kshatriya (member of the warrior class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - member of the warrior or ruling class
Root: kṣi (class 1)
वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - member of the merchant, farmer, or producer class
Root: viś (class 6)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tri
tri - three
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - social class, color, kind, quality
Root: vṛ (class 1)
द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born (referring to brahmins, kshatriyas, and vaishyas, who undergo a second birth through initiation)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two
numeral adjective - jāti – birth, origin, species, class
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4)
चतुर्थः (caturthaḥ) - the fourth
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of caturtha
caturtha - fourth
एकजातिः (ekajātiḥ) - once-born
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ekajāti
ekajāti - once-born (referring to shudras, who do not undergo the upanayana initiation)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+jāti)
- eka – one
numeral adjective - jāti – birth, origin, species, class
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a shudra (member of the laborer class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - member of the laborer or service class
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as
present indicative
derived from verbal root as
Root: as (class 2)
तु (tu) - but, indeed
(indeclinable)
पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - a fifth (class) (fifth)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcama
pañcama - fifth