मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-123
विप्रसेवैव शूद्रस्य विशिष्टं कर्म कीर्त्यते ।
यदतोऽन्यद हि कुरुते तद भवत्यस्य निष्फलम ॥१२३॥
यदतोऽन्यद हि कुरुते तद भवत्यस्य निष्फलम ॥१२३॥
123. viprasevaiva śūdrasya viśiṣṭaṁ karma kīrtyate ,
yadato'nyad hi kurute tad bhavatyasya niṣphalam.
yadato'nyad hi kurute tad bhavatyasya niṣphalam.
123.
viprasevā eva śūdrasya viśiṣṭam karma kīrtyate yat
ataḥ anyat hi kurute tat bhavati asya niṣphalam
ataḥ anyat hi kurute tat bhavati asya niṣphalam
123.
śūdrasya viprasevā eva viśiṣṭam karma kīrtyate yat
ataḥ anyat hi kurute tat asya niṣphalam bhavati
ataḥ anyat hi kurute tat asya niṣphalam bhavati
123.
For a śūdra, service to Brahmins (vipra) alone is declared to be the excellent action (karma). Whatever else he does apart from this, that indeed becomes fruitless for him.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विप्रसेवा (viprasevā) - service to (vipra)s (service to Brahmins)
- एव (eva) - alone, only (alone, only, indeed, precisely)
- शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra
- विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - excellent (distinguished, excellent, special)
- कर्म (karma) - action (karma), duty (action, deed, ritual, duty)
- कीर्त्यते (kīrtyate) - is declared (is declared, is praised, is announced)
- यत् (yat) - whatever (whatever, which, that)
- अतः (ataḥ) - apart from this (service) (therefore, from this, besides this)
- अन्यत् (anyat) - other (action) (other, different)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
- कुरुते (kurute) - he does (he does, he makes)
- तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)
- भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)
- अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the śūdra) (his, of this)
- निष्फलम् (niṣphalam) - fruitless (fruitless, useless, unproductive)
Words meanings and morphology
विप्रसेवा (viprasevā) - service to (vipra)s (service to Brahmins)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of viprasevā
viprasevā - service to Brahmins
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+sevā)
- vipra – Brahmin, inspired, wise
noun (masculine) - sevā – service, worship
noun (feminine)
From root sev (to serve, to attend).
Root: sev (class 1)
एव (eva) - alone, only (alone, only, indeed, precisely)
(indeclinable)
शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class
विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - excellent (distinguished, excellent, special)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of viśiṣṭa
viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special, particular
Past Passive Participle
From root śiṣ (to leave, to distinguish) with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
कर्म (karma) - action (karma), duty (action, deed, ritual, duty)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, duty, destiny
From root kṛ (to do, to make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कीर्त्यते (kīrtyate) - is declared (is declared, is praised, is announced)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kīrt
passive of verbal root
Present 3rd person singular, passive voice, ātmanepada.
Root: kīrt (class 10)
यत् (yat) - whatever (whatever, which, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whatever
Note: Used here as indefinite pronoun.
अतः (ataḥ) - apart from this (service) (therefore, from this, besides this)
(indeclinable)
अन्यत् (anyat) - other (action) (other, different)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anya
anya - other, different
Note: Refers to 'karma' (action).
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
(indeclinable)
कुरुते (kurute) - he does (he does, he makes)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ
verbal root
Present 3rd person singular, ātmanepada.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers back to 'yat anyat'.
भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
verbal root
Present 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.
Root: bhū (class 1)
अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the śūdra) (his, of this)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
निष्फलम् (niṣphalam) - fruitless (fruitless, useless, unproductive)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of niṣphala
niṣphala - fruitless, useless, without result
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+phala)
- nis – without, out, away
prefix - phala – fruit, result, reward
noun (neuter)