मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-114
अकृतं च कृतात क्षेत्राद गौरजाविकमेव च ।
हिरण्यं धान्यमन्नं च पूर्वं पूर्वमदोषवत ॥११४॥
हिरण्यं धान्यमन्नं च पूर्वं पूर्वमदोषवत ॥११४॥
114. akṛtaṁ ca kṛtāt kṣetrād gaurajāvikameva ca ,
hiraṇyaṁ dhānyamannaṁ ca pūrvaṁ pūrvamadoṣavat.
hiraṇyaṁ dhānyamannaṁ ca pūrvaṁ pūrvamadoṣavat.
114.
akṛtam ca kṛtāt kṣetrāt gauḥ ajāvikam eva ca
hiraṇyam dhānyam annam ca pūrvam pūrvam adoṣavat
hiraṇyam dhānyam annam ca pūrvam pūrvam adoṣavat
114.
akṛtam ca kṛtāt kṣetrāt gauḥ ajāvikam eva ca
hiraṇyam dhānyam annam ca; pūrvam pūrvam adoṣavat
hiraṇyam dhānyam annam ca; pūrvam pūrvam adoṣavat
114.
Regarding uncultivated land, and produce from cultivated land, as well as cows, goats, and sheep, gold, grain, and food, the one who possessed each of these first is without fault.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अकृतम् (akṛtam) - uncultivated (land) (unmade, undone, not performed, uncultivated)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- कृतात् (kṛtāt) - from cultivated (field) (from done, from made, from cultivated)
- क्षेत्रात् (kṣetrāt) - from a field (from a field, from a tract of land)
- गौः (gauḥ) - cows (collectively) (cow, ox, cattle)
- अजाविकम् (ajāvikam) - goats and sheep
- एव (eva) - as well as, indeed (indeed, just, only, exactly, also)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold (gold, money, wealth)
- धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain (grain (unhusked))
- अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, (cooked) rice, prepared grain)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the prior (possessor/claimant) (former, prior, earlier, first)
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding (item/claimant) (former, prior, earlier, first)
- अदोषवत् (adoṣavat) - without fault, blameless (faultless, blameless, innocent)
Words meanings and morphology
अकृतम् (akṛtam) - uncultivated (land) (unmade, undone, not performed, uncultivated)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of akṛta
akṛta - unmade, undone, uncultivated, not performed
negative prefix 'a-' + past passive participle of kṛ 'to do'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - kṛta – done, made, performed, cultivated
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root kṛ + suffix -ta
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to 'land' implicitly. Could be nominative or accusative singular neuter.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
कृतात् (kṛtāt) - from cultivated (field) (from done, from made, from cultivated)
(adjective)
Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, cultivated
Past Passive Participle
from root kṛ + suffix -ta
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies 'kṣetrāt'.
क्षेत्रात् (kṣetrāt) - from a field (from a field, from a tract of land)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣetra
kṣetra - field, land, tract, domain
गौः (gauḥ) - cows (collectively) (cow, ox, cattle)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of go
go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
Note: Nominative singular of 'go'. Here likely refers to cattle generally.
अजाविकम् (ajāvikam) - goats and sheep
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ajāvika
ajāvika - goats and sheep
Compound type : dvandva (aja+avika)
- aja – goat
noun (masculine) - avika – sheep
noun (masculine)
Note: Collective dvandva compound, treated as neuter singular.
एव (eva) - as well as, indeed (indeed, just, only, exactly, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold (gold, money, wealth)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of hiraṇya
hiraṇya - gold, wealth, money
धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain (grain (unhusked))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dhānya
dhānya - grain, corn, cereal
from dhāna (seed) or root dhā (to place)
अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, (cooked) rice, prepared grain)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anna
anna - food, (cooked) rice, grain
Past Passive Participle
from root ad (to eat) + suffix -na
Root: ad (class 2)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the prior (possessor/claimant) (former, prior, earlier, first)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, prior, earlier, first, eastern
Note: Often used adverbially or as a pronoun meaning 'the former one'.
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - each preceding (item/claimant) (former, prior, earlier, first)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, prior, earlier, first, eastern
Note: Repetition `pūrvam pūrvam` often means 'each preceding one' or 'each in its turn'.
अदोषवत् (adoṣavat) - without fault, blameless (faultless, blameless, innocent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adoṣavat
adoṣavat - faultless, blameless, innocent, free from defect
negative prefix 'a-' + doṣa (fault) + possessive suffix -vat
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+doṣavat)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - doṣavat – having fault, faulty
adjective (masculine)
doṣa (fault) + -vat (possessive suffix)
Note: Refers to an implied subject like 'the owner/finder'.