मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-85
इदं तु वृत्तिवैकल्यात त्यजतो धर्मनैपुणम ।
विट्पण्यमुद्धृतोद्धारं विक्रेयं वित्तवर्धनम ॥८५॥
विट्पण्यमुद्धृतोद्धारं विक्रेयं वित्तवर्धनम ॥८५॥
85. idaṁ tu vṛttivaikalyāt tyajato dharmanaipuṇam ,
viṭpaṇyamuddhṛtoddhāraṁ vikreyaṁ vittavardhanam.
viṭpaṇyamuddhṛtoddhāraṁ vikreyaṁ vittavardhanam.
85.
idam tu vṛtti-vaikalyāt tyajataḥ dharma-naipuṇam
viṭ-paṇyam uddhṛta-uddhāram vikreyam vitta-vardhanam
viṭ-paṇyam uddhṛta-uddhāram vikreyam vitta-vardhanam
85.
tu idam vṛtti-vaikalyāt dharma-naipuṇam tyajataḥ
viṭ-paṇyam uddhṛta-uddhāram vitta-vardhanam vikreyam
viṭ-paṇyam uddhṛta-uddhāram vitta-vardhanam vikreyam
85.
But this (following rule applies) to one who, due to a deficiency in (their customary) livelihood, has to abandon the virtuous path (dharma). Such a person should engage in the trade of vaiśya goods, which are wealth-increasing and from which the original capital has been taken out (i.e., profitable goods).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- इदम् (idam) - this (neuter)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- वृत्ति-वैकल्यात् (vṛtti-vaikalyāt) - due to a deficiency/lack of livelihood
- त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who abandons/gives up
- धर्म-नैपुणम् (dharma-naipuṇam) - skill in (one's own) dharma/duty, virtuous path
- विट्-पण्यम् (viṭ-paṇyam) - vaiśya's merchandise, trade goods
- उद्धृत-उद्धारम् (uddhṛta-uddhāram) - with the principal/deductions taken out, profitable
- विक्रेयम् (vikreyam) - that which should be sold, tradeable, marketable
- वित्त-वर्धनम् (vitta-vardhanam) - wealth-increasing, profit-generating
Words meanings and morphology
इदम् (idam) - this (neuter)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, this here
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Note: Contrast with previous statements.
वृत्ति-वैकल्यात् (vṛtti-vaikalyāt) - due to a deficiency/lack of livelihood
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of vṛtti-vaikalya
vṛtti-vaikalya - deficiency of livelihood, lack of means of subsistence
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+vaikalya)
- vṛtti – livelihood, occupation
noun (feminine)
Root: vṛt (class 1) - vaikalya – deficiency, imperfection, disability
noun (neuter)
Derived from 'vikala' (deficient).
Prefix: vi
Note: Indicates cause.
त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - for one who abandons/gives up
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tyajat
tyajat - abandoning, giving up
Present Active Participle
Derived from √tyaj (to abandon), genitive singular masculine.
Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: Modifies an implied person (e.g., 'for him who abandons').
धर्म-नैपुणम् (dharma-naipuṇam) - skill in (one's own) dharma/duty, virtuous path
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-naipuṇa
dharma-naipuṇa - skill in one's own (dharma), virtuous path, adherence to righteous principles
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+naipuṇa)
- dharma – innate constitution, natural law, essential nature, duty, righteousness
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - naipuṇa – skill, dexterity, expertise
noun (neuter)
Derived from 'nipuṇa' (skilled).
Note: Object of 'tyajataḥ'.
विट्-पण्यम् (viṭ-paṇyam) - vaiśya's merchandise, trade goods
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of viṭ-paṇya
viṭ-paṇya - merchandise or goods of a vaiśya
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṭ+paṇya)
- viṭ – a vaiśya, a member of the third social class
noun (masculine) - paṇya – merchandise, goods for sale
noun (neuter)
Gerundive/Past Passive Participle
Derived from √paṇ (to barter, deal).
Root: paṇ (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative for an implied verb of being or object of 'should be sold'.
उद्धृत-उद्धारम् (uddhṛta-uddhāram) - with the principal/deductions taken out, profitable
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of uddhṛta-uddhāra
uddhṛta-uddhāra - with the principal or original capital taken out (i.e., yielding profit after costs), deductions made
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uddhṛta+uddhāra)
- uddhṛta – extracted, taken out, deducted
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from √hṛ (to take) with prefixes ud- and ā-.
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1) - uddhāra – extraction, deduction, capital, principal
noun (masculine)
Derived from √hṛ (to take) with prefixes ud- and ā-.
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'viṭ-paṇyam'.
विक्रेयम् (vikreyam) - that which should be sold, tradeable, marketable
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vikreya
vikreya - to be sold, marketable, tradeable
Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)
Derived from √krī (to buy) with prefix vi-, meaning 'to sell'.
Prefix: vi
Root: krī (class 9)
Note: Predicate adjective.
वित्त-वर्धनम् (vitta-vardhanam) - wealth-increasing, profit-generating
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vitta-vardhana
vitta-vardhana - increasing wealth, generating profit
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vitta+vardhana)
- vitta – wealth, property, acquired
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from √vid (to find, obtain).
Root: vid (class 6) - vardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun/Adjective
Derived from √vṛdh (to grow, increase).
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'viṭ-paṇyam'.