मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-82
उभाभ्यामप्यजीवंस्तु कथं स्यादिति चेद भवेत ।
कृषिगोरक्षमास्थाय जीवेद वैश्यस्य जीविकाम ॥८२॥
कृषिगोरक्षमास्थाय जीवेद वैश्यस्य जीविकाम ॥८२॥
82. ubhābhyāmapyajīvaṁstu kathaṁ syāditi ced bhavet ,
kṛṣigorakṣamāsthāya jīved vaiśyasya jīvikām.
kṛṣigorakṣamāsthāya jīved vaiśyasya jīvikām.
82.
ubhābhyām api ajīvan tu katham syāt iti cet bhavet
kṛṣi-gorakṣam āsthāya jīvet vaiśyasya jīvikām
kṛṣi-gorakṣam āsthāya jīvet vaiśyasya jīvikām
82.
cet ubhābhyām api ajīvan tu iti bhavet katham syāt
kṛṣi-gorakṣam āsthāya vaiśyasya jīvikām jīvet
kṛṣi-gorakṣam āsthāya vaiśyasya jīvikām jīvet
82.
If one is unable to sustain oneself by both (the prescribed occupations), how then should one live? If such a situation arises, one should adopt the livelihood of a vaiśya, by engaging in agriculture and cow-protection.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उभाभ्याम् (ubhābhyām) - by both
- अपि (api) - even, also
- अजीवन् (ajīvan) - not living, not subsisting
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, then
- कथम् (katham) - how, why
- स्यात् (syāt) - may it be, it should be
- इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought
- चेत् (cet) - if
- भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it may happen
- कृषि-गोरक्षम् (kṛṣi-gorakṣam) - agriculture and cow protection
- आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted
- जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live, one should subsist
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya
- जीविकाम् (jīvikām) - livelihood, means of subsistence
Words meanings and morphology
उभाभ्याम् (ubhābhyām) - by both
(pronoun)
Instrumental, dual of ubha
ubha - both
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
अजीवन् (ajīvan) - not living, not subsisting
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ajīvat
ajīvat - not living, not subsisting
Present Active Participle
Derived from root √jīv (to live) with 'a-' negative prefix, in nominative singular masculine.
Prefix: a
Root: jīv (class 1)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, then
(indeclinable)
कथम् (katham) - how, why
(indeclinable)
स्यात् (syāt) - may it be, it should be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as
Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Root: as (class 2)
इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought
(indeclinable)
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it may happen
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū
Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Root: bhū (class 1)
कृषि-गोरक्षम् (kṛṣi-gorakṣam) - agriculture and cow protection
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛṣi-gorakṣa
kṛṣi-gorakṣa - agriculture and cow protection
Compound type : dvandva (kṛṣi+gorakṣa)
- kṛṣi – agriculture, cultivation
noun (feminine)
Root: kṛṣ (class 1) - gorakṣa – cow protection
noun (masculine)
Prefix: go
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: The compound is usually neuter in singular accusative for dvandva, representing 'the activity of...'
आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having adopted
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
Derived from √sthā (to stand) with prefix ā-.
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live, one should subsist
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of jīv
Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Implying 'he/she/one'.
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third social class (trader, farmer)
Derivative of 'viś' (settlement, clan).
जीविकाम् (jīvikām) - livelihood, means of subsistence
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of jīvikā
jīvikā - livelihood, means of subsistence, profession
Derived from √jīv (to live).
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Object of 'jīvet'.