मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-64
शूद्रायां ब्राह्मणाज जातः श्रेयसा चेत प्रजायते ।
अश्रेयान श्रेयसीं जातिं गच्छत्या सप्तमाद युगात ॥६४॥
अश्रेयान श्रेयसीं जातिं गच्छत्या सप्तमाद युगात ॥६४॥
64. śūdrāyāṁ brāhmaṇāj jātaḥ śreyasā cet prajāyate ,
aśreyān śreyasīṁ jātiṁ gacchatyā saptamād yugāt.
aśreyān śreyasīṁ jātiṁ gacchatyā saptamād yugāt.
64.
śūdrāyām brāhmaṇāt jātaḥ śreyasā cet prajāyate
aśreyān śreyasīm jātim gacchati ā saptamāt yugāt
aśreyān śreyasīm jātim gacchati ā saptamāt yugāt
64.
brāhmaṇāt śūdrāyām jātaḥ cet śreyasā prajāyate
aśreyān śreyasīm jātim ā saptamāt yugāt gacchati
aśreyān śreyasīm jātim ā saptamāt yugāt gacchati
64.
If a son is born from a brahmin and a śūdra woman, and he is born with superior qualities (śreyasā), then such an inferior individual progressively attains a superior social order (jāti) by the seventh generation (yuga).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a śūdra woman, from a śūdra woman
- ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a brahmin
- जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced
- श्रेयसा (śreyasā) - by superior qualities, with merit
- चेत् (cet) - if
- प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, springs forth
- अश्रेयान् (aśreyān) - an inferior person, not superior
- श्रेयसीम् (śreyasīm) - a superior, better (feminine)
- जातिम् (jātim) - lineage, social order, species
- गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, attains, reaches
- आ (ā) - up to, until, including
- सप्तमात् (saptamāt) - from the seventh
- युगात् (yugāt) - from a generation, from an age
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रायाम् (śūdrāyām) - in a śūdra woman, from a śūdra woman
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of śūdrā
śūdrā - a woman of the śūdra class (fourth social class)
Feminine form of śūdra.
Note: Locative singular, indicating the mother.
ब्राह्मणात् (brāhmaṇāt) - from a brahmin
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class
From 'brahman' (sacred knowledge, ultimate reality) + 'aṇ' (suffix).
Note: Ablative singular, indicating the father (source).
जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta
jāta - born, produced, become, arisen
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root √jan (to be born) + kta (suffix for PPP).
Root: √jan (class 4)
Note: Modifies the implied 'son' or 'person'.
श्रेयसा (śreyasā) - by superior qualities, with merit
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of śreyas
śreyas - superior, better, excellent, good fortune, merit
Comparative form of praśasya (excellent) or related to śrī (prosperity).
Note: Instrumental singular, indicating the means or accompanying quality.
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
Note: Conditional particle.
प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, springs forth
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
Present Middle 3rd Person Singular
Root √jan (4th class, Atm.) with prefix pra. Present tense, middle voice.
Prefix: pra
Root: √jan (class 4)
अश्रेयान् (aśreyān) - an inferior person, not superior
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśreyas
aśreyas - inferior, not good, not superior
From 'a' (negation) + 'śreyas' (superior).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śreyas)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - śreyas – superior, better, excellence, good fortune
adjective (neuter)
Comparative form.
Note: Subject of 'gacchati', used as a substantive noun referring to the individual.
श्रेयसीम् (śreyasīm) - a superior, better (feminine)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śreyasī
śreyasī - superior, better, more excellent (feminine)
Feminine form of śreyas.
Note: Adjective modifying 'jātim'.
जातिम् (jātim) - lineage, social order, species
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of jāti
jāti - birth, lineage, class, caste, species, kind, social order
From root √jan (to be born) + ti suffix.
Root: √jan (class 4)
Note: Object of the verb 'gacchati'.
गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, attains, reaches
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Present Active 3rd Person Singular
Root √gam (1st class, P.) + ti.
Root: √gam (class 1)
आ (ā) - up to, until, including
(indeclinable)
Used as a preposition governing the ablative case.
Note: Preposition.
सप्तमात् (saptamāt) - from the seventh
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, singular of saptama
saptama - seventh
Ordinal numeral derived from 'saptan' (seven).
Note: Adjective modifying 'yugāt'.
युगात् (yugāt) - from a generation, from an age
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of yuga
yuga - yoke, pair, age, epoch, generation
From root √yuj (to join).
Root: √yuj (class 7)
Note: Ablative singular. With 'ā', it means 'up to the seventh generation'.