मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-113
सीदद्भिः कुप्यमिच्छद्भिर्धने वा पृथिवीपतिः ।
याच्यः स्यात स्नातकैर्विप्रैरदित्संस्त्यागमर्हति ॥११३॥
याच्यः स्यात स्नातकैर्विप्रैरदित्संस्त्यागमर्हति ॥११३॥
113. sīdadbhiḥ kupyamicchadbhirdhane vā pṛthivīpatiḥ ,
yācyaḥ syāt snātakairviprairaditsaṁstyāgamarhati.
yācyaḥ syāt snātakairviprairaditsaṁstyāgamarhati.
113.
sīdadbhiḥ kupyam icchadbhiḥ dhane vā pṛthivīpatiḥ
yācyaḥ syāt snātakaiḥ vipraiḥ aditsan tyāgam arhati
yācyaḥ syāt snātakaiḥ vipraiḥ aditsan tyāgam arhati
113.
sīdadbhiḥ icchadbhiḥ kupyam dhane vā snātakaiḥ
vipraiḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ yācyaḥ syāt aditsan tyāgam arhati
vipraiḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ yācyaḥ syāt aditsan tyāgam arhati
113.
By Brahmins (vipra) who have completed their studies (snātaka), when they are in distress and desire wealth or other valuables, the king should be petitioned. If he is unwilling to give, he deserves to be forsaken.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सीदद्भिः (sīdadbhiḥ) - by Brahmins who are in distress (by those who are distressed, by those who are suffering)
- कुप्यम् (kupyam) - other valuables (non-precious metals or perishable goods) (base metal, other valuables (excluding gold, silver, gems))
- इच्छद्भिः (icchadbhiḥ) - by those desiring (wealth or valuables) (by those desiring)
- धने (dhane) - for wealth (as an object of desire) (in wealth, regarding wealth)
- वा (vā) - or
- पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - the king (the king, lord of the earth)
- याच्यः (yācyaḥ) - should be petitioned (should be begged, should be asked for, fit to be solicited)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- स्नातकैः (snātakaiḥ) - by Brahmins who have completed their studies (snātaka) (by those who have completed their studies, by graduates)
- विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins
- अदित्सन् (aditsan) - if (the king) is unwilling to give (if unwilling to give, if not wishing to give)
- त्यागम् (tyāgam) - to be forsaken (abandonment, renunciation, forsaking)
- अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of
Words meanings and morphology
सीदद्भिः (sīdadbhiḥ) - by Brahmins who are in distress (by those who are distressed, by those who are suffering)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sīdat
sīdat - sinking, distressed, suffering, languishing
Present Active Participle
From root sad (to sit, sink, suffer) + śatṛ suffix. Reduplicated root in present system.
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: Used with 'vipraiḥ' and 'snātakaiḥ'.
कुप्यम् (kupyam) - other valuables (non-precious metals or perishable goods) (base metal, other valuables (excluding gold, silver, gems))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kupya
kupya - base metal, copper, any metallic object, any perishable commodity or valuable (not gold/silver/gems)
Often understood as 'anything vile or bad' in a figurative sense as opposed to precious metals.
Note: Object of 'icchadbhiḥ'.
इच्छद्भिः (icchadbhiḥ) - by those desiring (wealth or valuables) (by those desiring)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of icchat
icchat - desiring, wishing
Present Active Participle (Desiderative)
From desiderative stem of root iṣ (to wish, desire) + śatṛ suffix.
Root: iṣ (class 6)
Note: Used with 'vipraiḥ' and 'snātakaiḥ'.
धने (dhane) - for wealth (as an object of desire) (in wealth, regarding wealth)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of dhana
dhana - wealth, riches, property, money
From root dhā (to place, hold, produce).
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Although grammatically locative singular, semantically it functions as an object of desire, parallel to 'kupyam'.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects 'kupyam' and 'dhane'.
पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - the king (the king, lord of the earth)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati
pṛthivīpati - king, ruler of the earth
Tatpuruṣa compound: pṛthivyāḥ patiḥ (lord of the earth).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)
- pṛthivī – earth, land
noun (feminine) - pati – lord, master, husband
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'yācyaḥ syāt'.
याच्यः (yācyaḥ) - should be petitioned (should be begged, should be asked for, fit to be solicited)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yācya
yācya - to be begged, to be asked for, fit to be solicited
Gerundive (kṛtya)
From root yāc (to beg, ask) + ṇyat suffix.
Root: yāc (class 1)
Note: Used with 'syāt'.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
Root in 2nd class. Optative mood.
Root: as (class 2)
स्नातकैः (snātakaiḥ) - by Brahmins who have completed their studies (snātaka) (by those who have completed their studies, by graduates)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of snātaka
snātaka - a Brahmin who has completed his Vedic studies and ritual bathing (snāna)
From root snā (to bathe) + ṇvul suffix, indicating one who has performed the ceremonial bath after completing studies.
Root: snā (class 2)
Note: Agent of 'yācyaḥ syāt'.
विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vipra
vipra - a Brahmin, an inspired person, a sage
From root vip (to tremble, inspire).
Note: Qualifies 'snātakaiḥ'.
अदित्सन् (aditsan) - if (the king) is unwilling to give (if unwilling to give, if not wishing to give)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aditsat
aditsat - unwilling to give, not intending to give
Present Active Participle (Negative Desiderative)
Negative prefix a- + desiderative stem of root dā (to give) + śatṛ suffix.
Prefix: a
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Refers to the king.
त्यागम् (tyāgam) - to be forsaken (abandonment, renunciation, forsaking)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tyāga
tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice
From root tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ suffix.
Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: Object of 'arhati'.
अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh
Root in 1st class. Parasamaipada, Present tense.
Root: arh (class 1)
Note: Subject is the king (implied).