मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-54
अन्नमेषां पराधीनं देयं स्याद भिन्नभाजने ।
रात्रौ न विचरेयुस्ते ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ॥५४॥
रात्रौ न विचरेयुस्ते ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ॥५४॥
54. annameṣāṁ parādhīnaṁ deyaṁ syād bhinnabhājane ,
rātrau na vicareyuste grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca.
rātrau na vicareyuste grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca.
54.
annam eṣām parādhīnam deyam syāt bhinnabhājane
rātrau na vicareyuḥ te grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca
rātrau na vicareyuḥ te grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca
54.
eṣām annam parādhīnam syāt bhinnabhājane deyam
te rātrau grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca na vicareyuḥ
te rātrau grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca na vicareyuḥ
54.
Their food should be dependent on others, and it should be given in broken vessels. They should not roam in villages and cities at night.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain, sustenance
- एषाम् (eṣām) - for them (referring to the marginalized group implied by context) (of these, for these)
- पराधीनम् (parādhīnam) - dependent on others, subject to another
- देयम् (deyam) - to be given, what should be given
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- भिन्नभाजने (bhinnabhājane) - in a broken vessel (in a broken vessel, in a separate vessel)
- रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
- न (na) - not, no
- विचरेयुः (vicareyuḥ) - they should roam, wander
- ते (te) - they
- ग्रामेषु (grāmeṣu) - in villages
- नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities, in towns
- च (ca) - and, also
Words meanings and morphology
अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain, sustenance
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anna
anna - food, grain, sustenance
Root: ad (class 2)
Note: Can also be accusative singular
एषाम् (eṣām) - for them (referring to the marginalized group implied by context) (of these, for these)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of idam
idam - this, these
Note: Genitive plural is common for all genders
पराधीनम् (parādhīnam) - dependent on others, subject to another
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parādhīna
parādhīna - dependent on another, subject to another
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+adhīna)
- para – other, different
pronoun (masculine) - adhīna – dependent, subject
adjective (masculine)
Note: Qualifies 'annam'
देयम् (deyam) - to be given, what should be given
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of deya
deya - to be given, proper to be given
Gerundive
Derived from root 'dā' with suffix 'yat'
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'annam'
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
भिन्नभाजने (bhinnabhājane) - in a broken vessel (in a broken vessel, in a separate vessel)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of bhinnabhājana
bhinnabhājana - broken vessel
Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhinna+bhājana)
- bhinna – broken, split
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'bhid' (to split, break)
Root: bhid (class 7) - bhājana – vessel, pot, recipient
noun (neuter)
Root: bhuj (class 7)
रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Adverbial locative
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negation particle
विचरेयुः (vicareyuḥ) - they should roam, wander
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car
Prefix: vi
Root: car (class 1)
ते (te) - they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, they
ग्रामेषु (grāmeṣu) - in villages
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of grāma
grāma - village
नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities, in towns
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of nagara
nagara - city, town
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction