मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-119
स्वधर्मो विजयस्तस्य नाहवे स्यात पराङ्मुखः ।
शस्त्रेण वैश्यान रक्षित्वा धर्म्यमाहारयेद बलिम ॥११९॥
शस्त्रेण वैश्यान रक्षित्वा धर्म्यमाहारयेद बलिम ॥११९॥
119. svadharmo vijayastasya nāhave syāt parāṅmukhaḥ ,
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyamāhārayed balim.
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyamāhārayed balim.
119.
svadharmaḥ vijayaḥ tasya na āhave syāt parāṅmukhaḥ
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyam āhārayet balim
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyam āhārayet balim
119.
tasya svadharmaḥ vijayaḥ; āhave parāṅmukhaḥ na syāt.
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyam balim āhārayet
śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyam balim āhārayet
119.
His inherent duty (svadharma) is victory; he should not turn away in battle. Having protected the Vaiśyas with his weapon, he should collect a lawful tribute.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature and duty of a kṣatriya (his own duty, inherent nature (svadharma))
- विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph
- तस्य (tasya) - his, for him
- न (na) - not, no
- आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - fleeing from battle (turning away, having one's face averted)
- शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon, with a weapon
- वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - the Vaiśyas (members of the merchant/farmer class)
- रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having protected
- धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - lawful, righteous, just
- आहारयेत् (āhārayet) - he should collect (tax) (he should cause to take, collect)
- बलिम् (balim) - tribute, tax, offering
Words meanings and morphology
स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature and duty of a kṣatriya (his own duty, inherent nature (svadharma))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharma
svadharma - one's own constitution, inherent nature, personal duty (svadharma)
Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter) - dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, essential nature, innate nature, duty, righteousness (dharma)
noun (masculine)
From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya
vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest
From prefix vi- and root √ji (to conquer)
Prefix: vi
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative for "svadharmaḥ".
तस्य (tasya) - his, for him
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Refers to the kṣatriya.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negative particle
Note: Negates the verb "syāt".
आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of āhava
āhava - battle, war, contest
From prefix ā- and root √hu (to offer, also related to calling)
Prefix: ā
Root: hu (class 3)
Note: Denotes place of action.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
optative mood
Root √as (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Expresses obligation or possibility.
पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - fleeing from battle (turning away, having one's face averted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha
parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, fleeing
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)
- parāñc – turned away, averted, west
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter) - mukha – face, mouth, front
noun (neuter)
Note: Predicate for the implied subject (the kṣatriya).
शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - by weapon, with a weapon
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of śastra
śastra - weapon, instrument, tool
From root √śas (to cut, kill)
Root: śas (class 2)
Note: Instrument for protecting.
वैश्यान् (vaiśyān) - the Vaiśyas (members of the merchant/farmer class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third (merchant/farmer) social class
From viś (people, settlement)
Note: Object of "rakṣitvā".
रक्षित्वा (rakṣitvā) - having protected
(indeclinable)
Absolutive/Gerund
From root √rakṣ (to protect)
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - lawful, righteous, just
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmya
dharmya - conformable to (dharma), righteous, just, lawful, sacred
Derived from dharma
Note: Qualifies "balim".
आहारयेत् (āhārayet) - he should collect (tax) (he should cause to take, collect)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āhāra
causative optative mood
Root √hṛ (to carry, take) with prefix ā- (towards) in causative form (hār-aya)
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the second clause.
बलिम् (balim) - tribute, tax, offering
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bali
bali - offering, tribute, tax, sacrifice
Note: Object of "āhārayet".