मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-55
दिवा चरेयुः कार्यार्थं चिह्निता राजशासनैः ।
अबान्धवं शवं चैव निर्हरेयुरिति स्थितिः ॥५५॥
अबान्धवं शवं चैव निर्हरेयुरिति स्थितिः ॥५५॥
55. divā careyuḥ kāryārthaṁ cihnitā rājaśāsanaiḥ ,
abāndhavaṁ śavaṁ caiva nirhareyuriti sthitiḥ.
abāndhavaṁ śavaṁ caiva nirhareyuriti sthitiḥ.
55.
divā careyuḥ kāryārtham cihnitāḥ rājaśāsanaiḥ
abāndhavam śavam ca eva nirhareyuḥ iti sthitiḥ
abāndhavam śavam ca eva nirhareyuḥ iti sthitiḥ
55.
rājaśāsanaiḥ cihnitāḥ (te) divā kāryārtham careyuḥ
abāndhavam śavam ca eva nirhareyuḥ iti sthitiḥ
abāndhavam śavam ca eva nirhareyuḥ iti sthitiḥ
55.
By day they should move about for their work, marked by royal decree. Also, it is an established rule that they should remove uncremated corpses that have no relatives.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day
- चरेयुः (careyuḥ) - they should roam, they should move
- कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for the purpose of work, for their tasks
- चिह्निताः (cihnitāḥ) - marked, designated, identified
- राजशासनैः (rājaśāsanaiḥ) - by royal decrees, by the king's commands
- अबान्धवम् (abāndhavam) - without relatives, friendless
- शवम् (śavam) - corpse, dead body
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
- निर्हरेयुः (nirhareyuḥ) - they should remove, carry out
- इति (iti) - thus, so, this
- स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule, ordinance, condition
Words meanings and morphology
दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day
(indeclinable)
Root: div (class 4)
Note: Adverb of time
चरेयुः (careyuḥ) - they should roam, they should move
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car
Root: car (class 1)
कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for the purpose of work, for their tasks
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kāryārtha
kāryārtha - purpose of work
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+artha)
- kārya – to be done, work, duty
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix 'ṇya'
Root: kṛ (class 8) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Used adverbially to express purpose
चिह्निताः (cihnitāḥ) - marked, designated, identified
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of cihnita
cihnita - marked, distinguished by a sign
Past Passive Participle
Derived from 'cihna' (mark) + suffix 'ita' (made)
Root: cih (class 1)
Note: Refers to the implied subject 'they'
राजशासनैः (rājaśāsanaiḥ) - by royal decrees, by the king's commands
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of rājaśāsana
rājaśāsana - royal command, royal decree
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śāsana)
- rājan – king
noun (masculine)
Root: rāj (class 1) - śāsana – command, rule, instruction
noun (neuter)
Derived from root 'śās' (to command, instruct)
Root: śās (class 2)
Note: Agent of 'cihnitāḥ' (marked)
अबान्धवम् (abāndhavam) - without relatives, friendless
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of abāndhava
abāndhava - without kinsmen, friendless
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+bāndhava)
- a – not, non
indeclinable
Negative prefix - bāndhava – relative, kinsman, friend
noun (masculine)
Root: bandh (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'śavam'
शवम् (śavam) - corpse, dead body
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śava
śava - corpse, dead body
Root: śū (class 1)
Note: Direct object of 'nirhareyuḥ'
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just
(indeclinable)
Emphasising particle
निर्हरेयुः (nirhareyuḥ) - they should remove, carry out
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ
Prefix: nis
Root: hṛ (class 1)
इति (iti) - thus, so, this
(indeclinable)
स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule, ordinance, condition
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti
sthiti - standing, position, fixed rule, ordinance
Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative