मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-117
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वाऽपि वृद्धिं नैव प्रयोजयेत ।
कामं तु खलु धर्मार्थं दद्यात पापीयसेऽल्पिकाम ॥११७॥
कामं तु खलु धर्मार्थं दद्यात पापीयसेऽल्पिकाम ॥११७॥
117. brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vā'pi vṛddhiṁ naiva prayojayet ,
kāmaṁ tu khalu dharmārthaṁ dadyāt pāpīyase'lpikām.
kāmaṁ tu khalu dharmārthaṁ dadyāt pāpīyase'lpikām.
117.
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaḥ vā api vṛddhim na eva prayojayet
kāmam tu khalu dharmārtham dadyāt pāpīyase alpikām
kāmam tu khalu dharmārtham dadyāt pāpīyase alpikām
117.
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyaḥ vā api vṛddhim na eva prayojayet;
tu khalu kāmam dharmārtham pāpīyase alpikām dadyāt
tu khalu kāmam dharmārtham pāpīyase alpikām dadyāt
117.
A brāhmaṇa or even a kṣatriya should certainly not apply interest. However, for the sake of (dharma), he may indeed voluntarily give a small amount to a very wicked person.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class)
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya (a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior/ruling class)
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
- वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - interest (on money) (growth, increase, interest (on money))
- न (na) - not
- एव (eva) - certainly (emphasizing negation) (indeed, just, only, exactly, also)
- प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should exact/charge (interest) (should employ, should apply, should exact, should cause to use)
- कामम् (kāmam) - voluntarily, indeed (adverbial) (desire, wish, voluntarily, willingly)
- तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)
- धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of (dharma) (for the sake of (dharma), for righteousness)
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he may give (he should give, he may give)
- पापीयसे (pāpīyase) - to a very wicked person (to a more sinful, to a very wicked person)
- अल्पिकाम् (alpikām) - a small amount/sum (a small one, a little (feminine))
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a member of the priestly class, a Brahmin
descendant or related to Brahman/brāhman
Note: Subject of the verb `prayojayet`.
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a kṣatriya (a kṣatriya, a member of the warrior/ruling class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class
related to kṣatra (power, rule)
Note: Subject of the verb `prayojayet`.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.
वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - interest (on money) (growth, increase, interest (on money))
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi
vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, interest (on money)
from root vṛdh (to grow)
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: Object of `prayojayet`.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - certainly (emphasizing negation) (indeed, just, only, exactly, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle, 'na eva' means 'certainly not'.
प्रयोजयेत् (prayojayet) - should exact/charge (interest) (should employ, should apply, should exact, should cause to use)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of prayuj
Optative Mood
from root yuj (to join, apply) with prefix pra, in causative form
Prefix: pra
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Implies a prohibition on charging interest.
कामम् (kāmam) - voluntarily, indeed (adverbial) (desire, wish, voluntarily, willingly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial usage.
तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Marks a contrast.
खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of (dharma) (for the sake of (dharma), for righteousness)
(indeclinable)
compound of dharma and artha (purpose)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha)
- dharma – righteous conduct, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine)
from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Adverbial.
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he may give (he should give, he may give)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of dā
Optative Mood
from root dā (to give)
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Refers to the brāhmaṇa or kṣatriya.
पापीयसे (pāpīyase) - to a very wicked person (to a more sinful, to a very wicked person)
(adjective)
Dative, masculine, singular of pāpīyas
pāpīyas - more sinful, worse, very wicked
comparative degree of pāpa (sinful), used in a superlative sense here
Note: Receiving the gift.
अल्पिकाम् (alpikām) - a small amount/sum (a small one, a little (feminine))
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of alpikā
alpikā - a small one, a little, small quantity
feminine form of alpaka (small)
Note: Object of `dadyāt`. Refers to a small sum or quantity.