मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-41
स्वजातिजानन्तरजाः षट सुता द्विजधर्मिणः ।
शूद्राणां तु सधर्माणः सर्वेऽपध्वंसजाः स्मृताः ॥४१॥
शूद्राणां तु सधर्माणः सर्वेऽपध्वंसजाः स्मृताः ॥४१॥
41. svajātijānantarajāḥ ṣaṭ sutā dvijadharmiṇaḥ ,
śūdrāṇāṁ tu sadharmāṇaḥ sarve'padhvaṁsajāḥ smṛtāḥ.
śūdrāṇāṁ tu sadharmāṇaḥ sarve'padhvaṁsajāḥ smṛtāḥ.
41.
svajātijanantarajāḥ ṣaṭ sutāḥ dvijadharmiṇaḥ
śūdrāṇām tu sadharmāṇaḥ sarve apadhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ
śūdrāṇām tu sadharmāṇaḥ sarve apadhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ
41.
svajātijanantarajāḥ ṣaṭ sutāḥ dvijadharmiṇaḥ (bhavanti).
tu sarve apadhvaṃsajāḥ śūdrāṇām sadharmāṇaḥ smṛtāḥ
tu sarve apadhvaṃsajāḥ śūdrāṇām sadharmāṇaḥ smṛtāḥ
41.
The six sons born from (parents of) their own varna or from immediate (anuloma) succession possess the social and religious duties (dharma) of the twice-born (dvija). However, all those born of degraded (pratiloma or irregular) unions are considered to have the same social and religious duties (dharma) as śūdras.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वजातिजनन्तरजाः (svajātijanantarajāḥ) - those born from their own varna or from immediate (anuloma) succession (born from one's own caste and from immediate succession)
- षट् (ṣaṭ) - six
- सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (referring to the mixed-caste offspring) (sons, children)
- द्विजधर्मिणः (dvijadharmiṇaḥ) - possessing the social and religious duties (dharma) of the twice-born (dvija) (having the dharma of the twice-born, acting as twice-born)
- शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of śūdras (of the śūdras)
- तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- सधर्माणः (sadharmāṇaḥ) - having the same social and religious duties (dharma) (having the same dharma, possessing similar characteristics/duties)
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)
- अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - all those born of degraded (pratiloma or irregular) unions (born from degradation, born from irregular unions)
- स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, declared, traditionally taught)
Words meanings and morphology
स्वजातिजनन्तरजाः (svajātijanantarajāḥ) - those born from their own varna or from immediate (anuloma) succession (born from one's own caste and from immediate succession)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of svajātijanantaraja
svajātijanantaraja - born from one's own caste and from immediate succession
Compound type : dvandva (svajātija+anantaraja)
- sva – own
pronoun (masculine) - jāti – caste, species
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4) - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
from root jan- 'to be born'
Root: jan (class 4) - anantara – immediate, without interval
adjective (masculine)
Prefix: an - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
from root jan- 'to be born'
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'ṣaṭ sutāḥ'.
षट् (ṣaṭ) - six
(numeral)
Note: Modifies 'sutāḥ'.
सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (referring to the mixed-caste offspring) (sons, children)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of suta
suta - son, child
past passive participle (less common meaning)
from root sū- 'to give birth'
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
द्विजधर्मिणः (dvijadharmiṇaḥ) - possessing the social and religious duties (dharma) of the twice-born (dvija) (having the dharma of the twice-born, acting as twice-born)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijadharmin
dvijadharmin - having the characteristics or duties (dharma) of a twice-born (dvija)
suffixed with -in
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvija+dharma)
- dvija – twice-born; a Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, or Vaiśya; a bird; a tooth
noun (masculine)
from dvi- 'two' + jan- 'to be born'
Root: jan (class 4) - dharma – law, duty, righteousness, virtue, social/religious obligation, innate constitution
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'ṣaṭ sutāḥ'.
शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of śūdras (of the śūdras)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - a person of the fourth varna (caste), a labourer, servant
Note: Possessive for 'sadharmāṇaḥ'.
तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
सधर्माणः (sadharmāṇaḥ) - having the same social and religious duties (dharma) (having the same dharma, possessing similar characteristics/duties)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sadharman
sadharman - having the same nature, characteristics, or duties (dharma); co-religionist
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+dharma)
- sa – with, together with, same
prefix - dharma – law, duty, righteousness, virtue, social/religious obligation, innate constitution
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarve apadhvaṃsajāḥ'.
सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Qualifies 'apadhvaṃsajāḥ'.
अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - all those born of degraded (pratiloma or irregular) unions (born from degradation, born from irregular unions)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of apadhvaṃsaja
apadhvaṁsaja - born of a degraded or irregular union (e.g., pratiloma marriages)
Compound type : tatpurusha (apadhvaṃsa+ja)
- apadhvaṃsa – degradation, ruin, fall; irregular union
noun (masculine)
Prefix: apa
Root: dhvaṃs (class 1) - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
from root jan- 'to be born'
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of the second clause.
स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, declared, traditionally taught)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recollected; considered, declared; taught in the Smṛtis
past passive participle
from root smṛ- 'to remember'
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Functions as a predicate for 'apadhvaṃsajāḥ'.