मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-118
चतुर्थमाददानोऽपि क्षत्रियो भागमापदि ।
प्रजा रक्षन परं शक्त्या किल्बिषात प्रतिमुच्यते ॥११८॥
प्रजा रक्षन परं शक्त्या किल्बिषात प्रतिमुच्यते ॥११८॥
118. caturthamādadāno'pi kṣatriyo bhāgamāpadi ,
prajā rakṣan paraṁ śaktyā kilbiṣāt pratimucyate.
prajā rakṣan paraṁ śaktyā kilbiṣāt pratimucyate.
118.
caturtham ādadānaḥ api kṣatriyaḥ bhāgam āpadi
prajāḥ rakṣan param śaktyā kilbiṣāt pratimucyate
prajāḥ rakṣan param śaktyā kilbiṣāt pratimucyate
118.
kṣatriyaḥ āpadi caturtham bhāgam ādadānaḥ api
prajāḥ param śaktyā rakṣan kilbiṣāt pratimucyate
prajāḥ param śaktyā rakṣan kilbiṣāt pratimucyate
118.
A kṣatriya, even when taking a fourth share (of produce/wealth) in times of emergency, is freed from any fault if he protects his subjects to the utmost of his ability.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - fourth (part/share)
- आददानः (ādadānaḥ) - taking, receiving
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a warrior, a member of the kṣatriya (warrior/ruling) class
- भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion, part
- आपदि (āpadi) - in times of emergency or crisis (in distress, in calamity, in difficulty)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects of a king (offspring, subjects, people)
- रक्षन् (rakṣan) - protecting, guarding
- परम् (param) - to the utmost (degree) (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)
- शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by strength, with power, by ability
- किल्बिषात् (kilbiṣāt) - from any fault incurred by taking the share (from sin, from fault, from guilt)
- प्रतिमुच्यते (pratimucyate) - is freed, is liberated
Words meanings and morphology
चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - fourth (part/share)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of caturtha
caturtha - fourth
ordinal number from catúr (four)
Note: Qualifies an implied "bhāgam" (share).
आददानः (ādadānaḥ) - taking, receiving
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ādadāna
ādadāna - taking, receiving
Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)
From root √dā (to give) with prefix ā- (towards)
Prefix: ā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with "kṣatriyaḥ".
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates a concession.
क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a warrior, a member of the kṣatriya (warrior/ruling) class
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - belonging to the ruling class, a warrior, a member of the kṣatriya class
From kṣatra (rule, power)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
भागम् (bhāgam) - share, portion, part
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāga
bhāga - share, portion, part, division
From root √bhaj (to divide, share)
Root: bhaj (class 1)
Note: Object of "ādadānaḥ".
आपदि (āpadi) - in times of emergency or crisis (in distress, in calamity, in difficulty)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of āpad
āpad - distress, calamity, misfortune, emergency
From prefix ā- and root √pad (to go)
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Denotes time or circumstance.
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects of a king (offspring, subjects, people)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people, creation
From prefix pra- and root √jan (to be born)
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of "rakṣan".
रक्षन् (rakṣan) - protecting, guarding
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣat
rakṣat - protecting, guarding
Present Active Participle (Parasmaipada)
From root √rakṣ (to protect)
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies "kṣatriyaḥ", implying "while protecting".
परम् (param) - to the utmost (degree) (supreme, highest, excellent, utmost)
(indeclinable)
Note: Functions as an adverb modifying "rakṣan".
शक्त्या (śaktyā) - by strength, with power, by ability
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti
śakti - power, strength, ability, energy
From root √śak (to be able)
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: Instrument of protection.
किल्बिषात् (kilbiṣāt) - from any fault incurred by taking the share (from sin, from fault, from guilt)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa
kilbiṣa - sin, fault, guilt, wrong deed
Note: Object of separation from which one is freed.
प्रतिमुच्यते (pratimucyate) - is freed, is liberated
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pratimuc
passive voice
Root √muc (to free) with prefix prati- (back, towards). Denominative formation in passive.
Prefix: prati
Root: muc (class 6)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.