मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-116
विद्या शिल्पं भृतिः सेवा गोरक्ष्यं विपणिः कृषिः ।
धृतिर्भैक्षं कुसीदं च दश जीवनहेतवः ॥११६॥
धृतिर्भैक्षं कुसीदं च दश जीवनहेतवः ॥११६॥
116. vidyā śilpaṁ bhṛtiḥ sevā gorakṣyaṁ vipaṇiḥ kṛṣiḥ ,
dhṛtirbhaikṣaṁ kusīdaṁ ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ.
dhṛtirbhaikṣaṁ kusīdaṁ ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ.
116.
vidyā śilpam bhṛtiḥ sevā gorakṣyam vipaṇiḥ kṛṣiḥ
dhṛtiḥ bhaikṣam kusīdam ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ
dhṛtiḥ bhaikṣam kusīdam ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ
116.
vidyā śilpam bhṛtiḥ sevā gorakṣyam vipaṇiḥ kṛṣiḥ
dhṛtiḥ bhaikṣam kusīdam ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ
dhṛtiḥ bhaikṣam kusīdam ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ
116.
Knowledge, skill, wages, service, cattle-rearing, trade, agriculture, steadfastness, begging, and usury are the ten means of livelihood.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning (knowledge, learning, science)
- शिल्पम् (śilpam) - skill (in arts or crafts) (art, craft, skill, workmanship)
- भृतिः (bhṛtiḥ) - wages, earning through hire (wages, hire, maintenance)
- सेवा (sevā) - service (as an employee) (service, attendance, worship)
- गोरक्ष्यम् (gorakṣyam) - cattle-rearing, animal husbandry (cattle protection, cattle rearing)
- विपणिः (vipaṇiḥ) - trade, commerce (market, trade, shop)
- कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation, farming)
- धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness (as a quality for livelihood) (steadfastness, firmness, resolution, courage, contentment, maintenance, support)
- भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - begging, living on alms (alms, begging)
- कुसीदम् (kusīdam) - usury (usury, lending money at interest)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- दश (daśa) - ten
- जीवनहेतवः (jīvanahetavaḥ) - means of livelihood (means of livelihood, causes of life)
Words meanings and morphology
विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning (knowledge, learning, science)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā
vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, discipline
from root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 4)
शिल्पम् (śilpam) - skill (in arts or crafts) (art, craft, skill, workmanship)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śilpa
śilpa - art, craft, skill, workmanship, artistic work
भृतिः (bhṛtiḥ) - wages, earning through hire (wages, hire, maintenance)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhṛti
bhṛti - wages, hire, salary, maintenance, support
from root bhṛ (to bear, support)
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
सेवा (sevā) - service (as an employee) (service, attendance, worship)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sevā
sevā - service, attendance, worship, devotion
from root sev (to serve)
Root: sev (class 1)
गोरक्ष्यम् (gorakṣyam) - cattle-rearing, animal husbandry (cattle protection, cattle rearing)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of gorakṣya
gorakṣya - protection of cows, cattle-rearing, cow-herding
Gerundive
from go (cow) + rakṣya (to be protected)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+rakṣya)
- go – cow, cattle
noun (feminine) - rakṣya – to be protected, protection
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
from root rakṣ + ya suffix
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Often refers to the profession of a herdsman.
विपणिः (vipaṇiḥ) - trade, commerce (market, trade, shop)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vipaṇi
vipaṇi - market, shop, trade, commerce
कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation, farming)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi
kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming
from root kṛṣ (to plough)
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness (as a quality for livelihood) (steadfastness, firmness, resolution, courage, contentment, maintenance, support)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛti
dhṛti - steadfastness, firmness, resolution, courage, contentment, maintenance, support
from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Often translated as perseverance or contentment in this list of livelihoods.
भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - begging, living on alms (alms, begging)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa
bhaikṣa - begging, alms, mendicancy
from bhikṣu (mendicant) or bhikṣ (to beg)
Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
कुसीदम् (kusīdam) - usury (usury, lending money at interest)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kusīda
kusīda - usury, lending at interest, interest on money
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
दश (daśa) - ten
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with `jīvanahetavaḥ`.
जीवनहेतवः (jīvanahetavaḥ) - means of livelihood (means of livelihood, causes of life)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvanahetu
jīvanahetu - means of livelihood, cause of life
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvana+hetu)
- jīvana – living, life, livelihood
noun (neuter)
from root jīv (to live)
Root: jīv (class 1) - hetu – cause, reason, means
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of the sentence, implied verb 'are'.