मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-97
वरं स्वधर्मो विगुणो न पारक्यः स्वनुष्ठितः ।
परधर्मेण जीवन हि सद्यः पतति जातितः ॥९७॥
परधर्मेण जीवन हि सद्यः पतति जातितः ॥९७॥
97. varaṁ svadharmo viguṇo na pārakyaḥ svanuṣṭhitaḥ ,
paradharmeṇa jīvan hi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ.
paradharmeṇa jīvan hi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ.
97.
varam sva-dharmaḥ viguṇaḥ na pārakyaḥ su-anuṣṭhitaḥ
para-dharmeṇa jīvan hi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ
para-dharmeṇa jīvan hi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ
97.
viguṇaḥ sva-dharmaḥ varam su-anuṣṭhitaḥ pārakyaḥ na
(varam) hi para-dharmeṇa jīvan sadyaḥ jātitaḥ patati
(varam) hi para-dharmeṇa jīvan sadyaḥ jātitaḥ patati
97.
Better is one's own essential nature (svadharma), even if imperfectly pursued, than another's (dharma), though perfectly fulfilled. For by living according to another's essential nature (paradharma), one immediately falls from one's social class (jāti).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वरम् (varam) - better, preferable, best
- स्व-धर्मः (sva-dharmaḥ) - one's own duty/nature, one's intrinsic nature
- विगुणः (viguṇaḥ) - imperfect, lacking qualities, faulty
- न (na) - not, no
- पारक्यः (pārakyaḥ) - another's, belonging to another
- सु-अनुष्ठितः (su-anuṣṭhitaḥ) - well-performed, properly executed
- पर-धर्मेण (para-dharmeṇa) - by another's duty/nature, by another's essential nature
- जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living
- हि (hi) - for, because, indeed
- सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, instantly, at once
- पतति (patati) - he falls, one falls
- जातितः (jātitaḥ) - from one's social class, by virtue of birth
Words meanings and morphology
वरम् (varam) - better, preferable, best
(indeclinable)
Used adverbially in neuter accusative singular form.
स्व-धर्मः (sva-dharmaḥ) - one's own duty/nature, one's intrinsic nature
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharma
svadharma - one's own duty, intrinsic nature, essential nature, self-law (svadharma)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)
- sva – one's own, self, own property
pronoun - dharma – essential nature, natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)
noun (masculine)
विगुणः (viguṇaḥ) - imperfect, lacking qualities, faulty
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viguṇa
viguṇa - defective, imperfect, without good qualities, faulty
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+guṇa)
- vi – apart, asunder, away, intensely (a prefix)
indeclinable - guṇa – quality, attribute, merit, constituent (of prakṛti)
noun (masculine)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
पारक्यः (pārakyaḥ) - another's, belonging to another
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pārakya
pārakya - belonging to another, another's, alien, foreign
Derived from 'para' (another) + 'ka' + 'ya' suffix.
सु-अनुष्ठितः (su-anuṣṭhitaḥ) - well-performed, properly executed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svanuṣṭhita
svanuṣṭhita - well-performed, well-executed, properly fulfilled
Past Passive Participle
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+anuṣṭhita)
- su – good, well, excellent, easily (a prefix)
indeclinable - anuṣṭhita – performed, observed, executed, done
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of root sthā (to stand, perform) with prefix anu.
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1)
पर-धर्मेण (para-dharmeṇa) - by another's duty/nature, by another's essential nature
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of paradharma
paradharma - another's duty, the duty of a different social class, another's essential nature (paradharma)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+dharma)
- para – other, different, supreme, highest
adjective - dharma – essential nature, natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)
noun (masculine)
जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat
jīvat - living, alive, existing
Present Active Participle
Present Active Participle of root jīv (to live). Masculine nominative singular.
Root: jīv (class 1)
हि (hi) - for, because, indeed
(indeclinable)
सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, instantly, at once
(indeclinable)
पतति (patati) - he falls, one falls
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of pat
Present indicative form (laṭ) of root pat (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1)
जातितः (jātitaḥ) - from one's social class, by virtue of birth
(indeclinable)
Indeclinable formed from 'jāti' with the ablative suffix -tas.