मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-84
कृषिं साधुइति मन्यन्ते सा वृत्तिः सद्विगर्हिताः ।
भूमिं भूमिशयांश्चैव हन्ति काष्ठमयोमुखम ॥८४॥
भूमिं भूमिशयांश्चैव हन्ति काष्ठमयोमुखम ॥८४॥
84. kṛṣiṁ sādhuiti manyante sā vṛttiḥ sadvigarhitāḥ ,
bhūmiṁ bhūmiśayāṁścaiva hanti kāṣṭhamayomukham.
bhūmiṁ bhūmiśayāṁścaiva hanti kāṣṭhamayomukham.
84.
kṛṣim sādhu iti manyante sā vṛttiḥ sad-vigarhitā
bhūmim bhūmi-śayān ca eva hanti kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham
bhūmim bhūmi-śayān ca eva hanti kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham
84.
manyante kṛṣim sādhu iti sā vṛttiḥ sad-vigarhitā
kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham eva hanti bhūmim ca bhūmi-śayān ca
kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham eva hanti bhūmim ca bhūmi-śayān ca
84.
Some people consider agriculture to be good, but that occupation is condemned by the virtuous (sat). For the wooden, iron-mouthed implement (the plough) injures the earth and, indeed, those living on the earth.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, cultivation
- साधु (sādhu) - good, virtuous, proper
- इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought
- मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider, they think
- सा (sā) - that (feminine)
- वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - livelihood, occupation
- सद्-विगर्हिता (sad-vigarhitā) - condemned by the good/virtuous
- भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground
- भूमि-शयान् (bhūmi-śayān) - those lying on the earth, earth-dwellers (insects, small animals)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- हन्ति (hanti) - it kills, injures, strikes
- काष्ठमय-अयोमुखम् (kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham) - the wooden, iron-mouthed implement (plough)
Words meanings and morphology
कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, cultivation
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi
kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'manyante'.
साधु (sādhu) - good, virtuous, proper
(adjective)
singular of sādhu
sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, proper
Root: sādh (class 5)
Note: Here used predicatively, as 'good'.
इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought
(indeclinable)
मन्यन्ते (manyante) - they consider, they think
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of man
Present Tense, 3rd Person, Plural
Root: man (class 4)
Note: The implied subject is 'some people'.
सा (sā) - that (feminine)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Note: Refers to 'kṛṣi'.
वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - livelihood, occupation
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti
vṛtti - livelihood, profession, occupation
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Subject.
सद्-विगर्हिता (sad-vigarhitā) - condemned by the good/virtuous
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sat-vigarhitā
sat-vigarhitā - condemned by the good, censured by the virtuous
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sat+vigarhita)
- sat – good, virtuous, existent, reality
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From √as (to be). Used as a noun referring to virtuous people or reality.
Root: as (class 2) - vigarhita – censured, blamed, condemned
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from √garh (to blame) with prefix vi-.
Prefix: vi
Root: garh (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'vṛttiḥ'.
भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi
bhūmi - earth, ground, land
Note: Object of 'hanti'.
भूमि-शयान् (bhūmi-śayān) - those lying on the earth, earth-dwellers (insects, small animals)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bhūmi-śaya
bhūmi-śaya - lying on the earth, earth-dweller (esp. insects, worms, small creatures)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+śaya)
- bhūmi – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - śaya – lying, resting, dwelling
adjective (masculine)
Derived from √śī (to lie, rest).
Root: śī (class 2)
Note: Used as a noun, object of 'hanti'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes 'ca'.
हन्ति (hanti) - it kills, injures, strikes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han
Present Tense, 3rd Person, Singular
Root: han (class 2)
Note: The subject is 'kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham'.
काष्ठमय-अयोमुखम् (kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukham) - the wooden, iron-mouthed implement (plough)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukha
kāṣṭhamaya-ayomukha - wooden and iron-mouthed (implement/plough)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāṣṭhamaya+ayomukha)
- kāṣṭhamaya – made of wood, wooden
adjective (masculine)
Derived from 'kāṣṭha' (wood) + 'maya' (made of). - ayomukha – iron-mouthed, having an iron point/share
adjective (masculine)
Compound 'ayas' (iron) + 'mukha' (mouth/face/point).
Note: Subject of 'hanti'.