मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-109
प्रतिग्रहाद याजनाद वा तथैवाध्यापनादपि ।
प्रतिग्रहः प्रत्यवरः प्रेत्य विप्रस्य गर्हितः ॥१०९॥
प्रतिग्रहः प्रत्यवरः प्रेत्य विप्रस्य गर्हितः ॥१०९॥
109. pratigrahād yājanād vā tathaivādhyāpanādapi ,
pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ.
pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ.
109.
pratigrahāt yājanāt vā tathā eva adhyāpanāt api
pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ
pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ
109.
pratigrahāt yājanāt vā tathā eva adhyāpanāt api
pratigrahaḥ viprasya pretya pratyavaraḥ garhitaḥ
pratigrahaḥ viprasya pretya pratyavaraḥ garhitaḥ
109.
Among accepting gifts, officiating at rituals (yajña), or similarly even teaching, accepting gifts is the most inferior and is censured for a brahmin after death.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रतिग्रहात् (pratigrahāt) - from accepting gifts (as a means of livelihood) (from accepting gifts, from receiving)
- याजनात् (yājanāt) - from officiating at Vedic rituals (yajña) (from officiating at rituals, from causing to sacrifice)
- वा (vā) - or
- तथा (tathā) - in the same way (similarly, thus, so)
- एव (eva) - similarly, exactly (indeed, only, just)
- अध्यापनात् (adhyāpanāt) - from teaching (as a livelihood) (from teaching)
- अपि (api) - also, even
- प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - accepting gifts (as a livelihood) (acceptance of gifts, receiving)
- प्रत्यवरः (pratyavaraḥ) - most inferior (inferior, lowest, meanest)
- प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world, having passed away
- विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of the brahmin
- गर्हितः (garhitaḥ) - censured, blamed, condemned
Words meanings and morphology
प्रतिग्रहात् (pratigrahāt) - from accepting gifts (as a means of livelihood) (from accepting gifts, from receiving)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of pratigraha
pratigraha - acceptance, reception, taking a gift (especially by a Brahmin)
From root `grah` with prefix `prati`.
Prefix: prati
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Indicates source or reason.
याजनात् (yājanāt) - from officiating at Vedic rituals (yajña) (from officiating at rituals, from causing to sacrifice)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of yājana
yājana - causing to sacrifice, officiating at a Vedic ritual (yajña)
noun of action (from causative of `yaj`)
From causative stem of root `yaj` (to sacrifice) + suffix `ana`.
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Indicates source or reason.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects alternatives.
तथा (tathā) - in the same way (similarly, thus, so)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
एव (eva) - similarly, exactly (indeed, only, just)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
अध्यापनात् (adhyāpanāt) - from teaching (as a livelihood) (from teaching)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of adhyāpana
adhyāpana - teaching, instructing
noun of action (from causative of `i`)
From root `i` (to go, study) with prefixes `adhi` and `ā`, in causative sense, then `ana` suffix.
Prefixes: adhi+ā
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Indicates source or reason.
अपि (api) - also, even
(indeclinable)
Conjunction/particle.
Note: Emphasizes `adhyāpanāt`.
प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - accepting gifts (as a livelihood) (acceptance of gifts, receiving)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigraha
pratigraha - acceptance, reception, taking a gift (especially by a Brahmin)
From root `grah` with prefix `prati`.
Prefix: prati
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Subject of the predicate `pratyavaraḥ garhitaḥ`.
प्रत्यवरः (pratyavaraḥ) - most inferior (inferior, lowest, meanest)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyavara
pratyavara - inferior, mean, base, lowest
Compound of `prati` (against, back) + `avara` (inferior, lower).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+avara)
- prati – back, against, each
indeclinable - avara – inferior, lower, later
adjective (masculine)
Note: Predicate adjective for `pratigrahaḥ`.
प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world, having passed away
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
From root `i` (to go) with prefix `pra`, and `lyap` suffix.
Prefix: pra
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Qualifies the condemnation.
विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of the brahmin
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - brahmin, learned person, inspired
From root `vip` (to tremble, inspire).
Root: vip (class 6)
Note: To whom the judgment applies.
गर्हितः (garhitaḥ) - censured, blamed, condemned
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of garhita
garhita - censured, blamed, despised, condemned
Past Passive Participle
From root `garh` (to blame, censure) with `kta` suffix.
Root: garh (class 10)